UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
AT   LOS  ANGELES 


ROBERT  ERNEST  COWAN 


>OOK 


HAND-BOOK 


ST.   NICHOLAS 


BY  HARLAN  H.  BALLARD, 


PRINCIPAL   OF   LENOX   ACADEMY. 


gditiow. 


Bring  us  the  airs  of  hills  and  forests, 
The  sweet  aroma  of  birch  and  pine, 

Give  us  a  waft  of  the  north-wind  laden 
With  sweetbrier  odors,  and  breath  of  kine : 


LENOX,    MASS. 
PUBLISHED    BY    THE    AUTHOR. 

1884. 


Copyright,  1882, 
BY    H.    H.    BALLARD. 


Press  of  the  Sun  Printing  Company,  Pittsfield,  Mass. 


HISTORY    OF 


THE    ORIGIN. 

The  Agassiz  Association,  for  the  observation  and 
study  of  natural  objects,  was  founded  in  1875  by 
the  writer,  in  connection  with  a  school  which 
he  was  then  teaching  in  Lenox,  Mass.  It  was 
the  outgrowth  of  a  life-long  love  for  Nature, 
and  a  belief  that  education  is  incomplete  unless  it 
include  some  practical  knowledge  of  the  common 
objects  that  surround  us.  For  several  years  the 
little  school  society  continued  its  work  pleasantly 
and  with  profit.  The  President  gradually  came  to 
the  opinion  (strengthened  by  reading  an  account  of 
a  somewhat  similar,  though  far  more  limited,  organ- 


288202 


4  Hand- Book. 

ization  in  Switzerland),  that  there  might  be  other 
communities  in  which  a  like  society  would  be  wel- 
comed, and  several  branch  societies  were  organized. 
To  test  the  matter  more  fully,  having  obtained  the 
cordial  co-operation  of  the  editors  of  the  ST.  NICH- 
OLAS, the  leading  publication  for  the  young  in  the 
United  States,  a  general  invitation  to  unite  in  the 
work  was  published  in  1880,  in  the  November  num- 
ber of  that  magazine.  It  was  substantially  as  fol- 
lows : 

THE    INVITATION. 

You  must  know  that,  across  the  ocean  and  over 
the  Alps,  the  boys  and  girls  of  Switzerland  have  a 
bright  idea.  They  have  formed  a  society,  and  they 
have  a  badge.  The  badge  is  a  spray  of  evergreen, 
and  the  society  is  a  Natural  History  Society. 

Once  a  year,  in  the  spring  time,  when  the  sun  has 
lifted  the  ice-curtain  from  the  lakes,  so  that  the  fishes 
can  look  out,  and  the  flowers  can  look  in,  the  child- 
ren from  far  and  near  come  together  for  a  meeting 
and  a  holiday.  They  are  the  boys  and  girls  for  a 
tramp.  Their  sturdy  legs  and  long  staves,  their 
strong  bodies  and  short  dresses,  their  gay  stockings 
and  stout  shoes  prove  that  beyond  a  question. 

The  long  golden  hair  of  the  girls,  tightly  braided 
and  firmly  knotted  with  gay  ribbons,  flashes  brightly 
as  they  go  clambering  over  rocks,  leaping  across 
rivulets,  scrambling  along  glaciers,  and  climbing 
steep  cliffs. 

When  the  village  schoolmaster,  who  usually  leads 
these  excursions,  blows  his  horn,  back  come  the 
children  like  laughing  echoes,  with  baskets,  pockets, 
boxes  and  bags  full  of  the  treasures  of  the  wood. 


History  of  the  A.  A.  5 

Then  they  eat  their  dinner  as  we  would  take  a 
picnic,  and  after  that,  spread  out  their  trophies,  and 
decide  who  has  found  the  most,  and  who  the  rarest. 
They  get  the  master  to  name  them,  if  he  can,  and 
laugh  in  mischievious  triumph  when  he  fails. 

With  the  lengthening  shadows,  the  children  return 
to  their  homes,  and  arrange  their  mosses,  ferns  and 
flowers,  their  pebbles,  and  beetles  and  butterflies, 
in  cabinets,  and  declare,  in  their  quaint  accents,  that 
they  have  had  a  glorious  time.  And  have  they  not  ? 
The  fresh,  crisp  air,  the  holiday,  the  sunshine,  the 
picnic,  the  gathered  specimens,  and  a  teacher  to  tell 
them  Latin  names !  No  wonder  they  enjoy  it. 
Would  not  you  ? 

But  on  reflection  we  have  all  those  things  in  this 
country,could  we  once  bring  them  together  in  the  right 
proportions.  We  have  holidays  enough — there  are 
Saturdays.  School-masters  are  as  plentiful  as  schools. 
This  is  the  same  sun  that  shines  on  Switzerland, 
and  it  can  find  golden  hair  to  kindle,  without  waiting 
for  the  sea  to  turn  under  it.  Why,  then,  cannot  we 
have  a  Natural  History  Society  in  America  ?  In 
fact,  we  already  have  a  little  one,  up  here  in  these 
Berkshire  Hills.  And  we  enjoy  it  so  thoroughly, 
and  learn  so  much  from  it,  that  we  wish  it  to  grow 
larger. 

Not  many  of  you  need  be  told  why  we  have 
named  our  Society  "  TH£  AGASSIZ  ASSOCIATION." 
There  are  few  readers  of  St.  Nicholas  that  have  not 
heard  something  of  the  life  and  work  of  that  famous 
man — so  universally  honored  and  beloved — Profes- 
sor Louis  Agassiz.  In  1846  the  great  Naturalist  left 
his  native  Switzerland,  made  America  his  home,  ac- 
cepted a  Professorship  at  Harvard  College,  and 


6  Hand-Book. 

built  up  the  greatest  school  of  Natural  History  in 
this  country.  Though  one  of  the  most  learned,  he 
was  also  one  of  the  most  devout  and  gentle  of  men. 
Prof.  Alexander  Agassiz  lends  his  cordial  ap- 
proval to  our  Society  and  its  work,  and  has  very 
kindly  given  us  permission  to  use  his  father's  name. 

THE    RESPONSE. 

This  invitation  has  met  a  response  at  once  gratify- 
ing and  unexpected.  A  very  general  interest  in  the 
study  of  Nature  has  been  evinced  by  young  and  old. 
Classes  or  local  "  Chapters  "  have  been  formed  in  dif- 
ferent towns,  under  the  direction  of  the  central  or- 
ganization, and  where  this  has  been  impracticable, 
individuals  have  joined  as  corresponding  mem- 
bers. Within  three  years  and  a  half,  more  than 
seven  thousand  students  have  been  aided,  and 
six  hundred  and  fifty  local  Scientific  Societies  es- 
tablished. Though  originally  planned  as  an  aid 
to  young  people,  the  interest  of  the  older  ones 
has  proved  even  greater,  and  we  are  gratified  to  find 
on  our  roll  of  membership  the  names  of  many  fathers 
and  mothers,  teachers  and  professors.  Several  of 
our  chapters  are  composed  wholly  of  adults — many 
of  old  and  young  working  together.  "  Family  Chap- 
ters "  are  among  our  most  successful  branches. 

SCHOOL    SOCIETIES. 

As  the  A.  A.  has  become  better  known,  it  has 
found  a  wide  field  of  usefulness  in  connection  with 
schools,  both  private  and  public.  Many  teachers 
who  have  not  been  able  to  find  a  place  for  Natural 
Science  in  the  ordinary  school  curriculum,  and  who 
have  yet  felt  that  their  pupils  should  not  grow  up 


History  of  the  A.  A.  7 

strangers  to  the  flowers,  trees,  birds  and  butterflies, 
have  been  glad  to  devote  an  hour  once  a  fortnight 
to  the  guidance  of  a  meeting  devoted  to  these 
studies.  In  almost  every  school  may  be  found  as 
many  as  s^ix  of  the  more  intelligent  boys  and  girls 
who  will  willingly  spend  an  evening  now  and  then 
in  united  study  and  discussion.  The  young  are  nat- 
urally fond  of  collecting.  Most  school  committees 
will  cheerfully  grant  the  use  of  a  room  for  the  meet- 
ings, and  many  will  even  provide  suitable  cases  for 
the  specimens.  No  one  need  hesitate  about  organ- 
izing a  local  branch  of  our  Society,  from  fear  that 
his  knowledge  is  too  limited.  We  shall  give  full 
directions  for  beginning  the  work,  and  suggest  sev- 
eral courses  of  study  in  a  subsequent  chapter. 
Many  difficulties  will  be  removed  by  correspondence 
with  other  classes  that  have  surmounted  the  ob- 
stacles and  passed  the  dangers  which  lie  at  the  en- 
trance of  this,  as  of  all  other  paths.  The  President 
of  the  A.  A.  is  ready  to  render  all  the  aid  in  his 
power,  by  referring  you  to  the  best  books  in  the 
several  departments,  and  by  introducing  you  to  one 
or  more  of  the  Specialists  that  have  most  generously 
volunteered  their  invaluable  services  to  our  Society. 

SPECIAL    CLASSES. 

Among  the  pleasant  features  of  the  A.  A.  have 
been  our  special  courses  of  study.  These  have  been 
conducted  by  men  high  in  their  departments,  and 
have  always  been  free.  Dr.  Marcus  E.  Jones,  of 
Salt  Lake  City,  has  taken  a  class  through  elementary 
Botany  ;  Prof.  G.  Howard  Parker  has  directed  a  six 
months'  course  in  Entomology  ;  Prof.  E.  L.  French, 
of  Wells  College,  has  managed  a  very  successful 


8  Hand-Book. 

course  of  botanical  collecting,  and  exchange,  and 
Dr.  Chas.  Everett  Warren,  of  Boston,  has  undertaken 
to  conduct  a  "Red  Cross  Class"  through  a  course 
of  practical  anatomy  and  physiology.  All  these 
gentlemen  have  most  generously  volunteered  their 
services,  and  we  cannot  but  hope  that  others  will  be 
found  to  imitate  their  example  of  true  philanthropy. 

THE    PLAN    OF     THE    ASSOCIATION. 

From  this  brief  sketch  of  the  origin  and  work  of 
the  A.  A.,  the  purpose  of  its  founder  may  be  fairly 
inferred.  The  association  was  designed  to  be  an 
extended  free  school  of  Natural  Science — open  to 
persons  of  all  ages  and  conditions.  Local  classes 
or  chapters  were  to  be  formed,  quite  independent  of 
each  other,  and  of  the  President,  except  in  so  far  as 
by  adopting  a  common  name,  and  by  a  facility  of 
inter-correspondence  and  exchange,  they  might 
render  to  each  other  mutual  encouragement  and 
aid  ;  and  by  correspondence  with  the  President,  re- 
ceive such  guidance  as  he  should  be  able  to  give 
them. 

It  is  mainly  owing  to  the  wide  circulation  and 
powerful  influence  of  St.  Nicholas  that  the  Associa- 
tion has  attained  its  present  vigor  and  extent.  The 
editors  of  that  Magazine  have  afforded  quite  un- 
usual means  of  making  the  Society  known  to  others, 
and  of  communicating  regularly  among  ourselves. 
As  it  has  been  our  constant  intention  to  have  the  A. 
A.  relieved  from  all  machinery,  politics  and  red 
tape,  and  to  have  it  resemble  in  a  modest  way,  the 
great  school  of  Chautauqua,  we  have  adopted  the 
following  extremely  simple  Constitution,  which  gives 
us  just  enough  cohesion  to  stimulate  an  esprit  de 


History  of  the  A.  A.  9 

corps,  but   leaves  each  class  or  chapter  absolutely 
free  from  any  jurisdiction  whatever. 

CONSTITUTION — (As  Amended.} 

Article  i.  The  name  of  this  Society  shall  be  THE 
AGASSIZ  ASSOCIATION. 

Art.  2.  It  shall  be  the  object  of  this  Association 
to  collect,  study,  and  preserve  natural  objects  and 
facts. 

Art.  3.  The  officer  of  this  Association  shall  be  a 
President,  who  shall  perform  the  customary  duties 
of  such  officer,  and  who,  with  the  editors  of  St. 
Nicholas,  may  appoint  his  own  successor. 

Art.  4.  New  Chapters  may  be  added  with  the 
consent  of  the  President,  provided  that  no  such 
Chapter  shall  consist  of  less  than  four  members. 

Chapters  shall  be  named  from  the  towns  in  which 
they  exist,  and  if  there  be  more  than  one  Chapter  in 
a  town,  they  shall  be  further  distinguished  by  the 
letters  of  the  alphabet. 

Art.  5.  Each  Chapter  may  choose  its  own  officers 
and  make  its  own  by-laws. 

Art.  6.  This  Constitution  may  be  amended  by  a 
three-fourths  vote  of  the  Association  or  its  repre- 
sentatives. 

Art.  7.  The  St.  Nicholas  Magazine  shall  be  the 
official  organ  of  communication  between  members 
and  Chapters  of  the  Association. 


Of  course  Art.  7  lays  no  restriction  on  the  corre- 
spondence, or  other  intercourse  of  Chapters,  nor  on 
the  publication  of  local  Chapter  papers. 

The  wisdom  of  this  plan  of  organization  seems  to 
be  established  by  the  rapid  growth  and  increasing 


io  Hajid-Book. 

prosperity  of  the  Society.  First  proposed  to  the 
public  in  1880,  it  has  now  attained  a  membership  of 
•over  7,000,  and  consists  of  about  600  Chapters. 

As  may  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  list  of  Chap- 
ters in  another  part  of  this  book,  these  local  societies 
are  scattered  throughout  nearly  all  of  the  United 
States  and  Territories,  Canada,  England,  Scotland, 
Ireland  and  South  America. 

9  ADVANTAGES. 

The  advantages  which  may  result  from  the  forma- 
tion of  a  branch  in  the  family  or  school,  far 
outweigh  the  labor  and  time  required.  Habits  of 
observation  are  formed  ;  valuable  knowledge  is  ac- 
quired ;  spontaneous  study  is  secured  ;  health-giv- 
ing rambles  are  taken  ;  the  elements  of  parliamen- 
tary law  are  learned  and  practiced  ;  subjects  for 
compositions  are  abundantly  supplied  ;  power  of 
debate  is  attained  ;  practice  in  letter-writing  is 
necessitated ;  valuable  collections  are  made  ;  use- 
ful libraries  are  founded  ;  pleasant  acquaintances 
are  formed  ;  windows  are  opened  into  distant  States 
through  which  we  catch  glimpses  of  scenery  new  to 
us  ;  we  see  various  strange  forms  of  animal  and 
plant  life,  and  the  fossil  records  of  the  past  ;  and 
become  acquainted  with  the  modes  of  thought  and 
expression  which  prevail  outside  our  own  homes. 
Correspondence  with  Chapters  in  different  states 
is  like  the  magical  glass  of  the  Arabian  prince. 

Sitting  by  our  study-table  we  can  see  in  even- 
direction  sturdy  boys  and  graceful  girls,  searching 
eagerly  for  Nature's  hidden  treasures.  We  see  them 
scouring  the  prairies  of  Kansas,  climbing  the  foot 
hills  of  the  Sierras  ;  discovering  beautiful  caves  in 


History  of  the  A,  A.  II 

the  Rocky  Mountains  ;  analyzing  magnolia  blos- 
soms in  Mississippi ;  killing  rattlesnakes  on  their 
own  door-steps  in  Colorado  ;  studying  geology  in 
England;  gathering  "edelweiss"  from  the  slopes 
of  the  Alps ;  wandering,  by  permit,  through  New 
York's  Central  Park  ;  spying  out  specimens  from 
the  mica  mines  of  Vermont ;  picking  up  tarantulas 
and  scorpions  in  Texas  ;  searching  for  the  flowers 
and  insects  of  the  Argentine  Republic  ;  gathering 
algae  and  sea-shells  on  the  coast  of  Florida  ;  grow- 
ing wise  in  the  paleontology  of  Iowa  ;  arranging  the 
variously  colored  sands  of  the  Mississippi  river  in 
curious  bottles  ;  in  Massachusetts,  anxious  to  know 
whether  "the  Limnanthcmum  of  our  waters  has 
roots  ;"  sending  from  Chicago  to  learn  about  the 
"center  of  buoyancy;"  holding  field-meetings  in 
Illinois  ;  celebrating  the  birthday  of  Professor  Ag- 
assiz  (May  28),  in  many  States  with  a  picnic  and 
appropriate  exercises  ;  giving  entertainments  and 
realizing  "  enough  to  buy  a  cabinet  and  have  thirty 
dollars  over  to  start  a  library  "  in  Oregon  ;  making 
wonderful  collections  in  Virginia ;  enjoying  the 
assistance  and  listening  to  the  lectures  of  eminent 
scientists  in  Philadelphia  ;  enrolling  scholars  and 
teachers  in  Connecticut  and  Rhode  Island  ;  de- 
termining to  become  professors  in  the  District  of 
Columbia  ;  writing  fraternal  messages  from  Canada; 
selecting  quartz  crystals  from  the  hot  springs  of 
Arkansas  ;  discovering  geastrums  on  Long  Island, 
and  everywhere  learning  to  detect  the  beautiful  in 
the  common,  and  the  wonderful  in  the  before  de- 
spised. 


Hand-Book. 


CHAPTER  II. 

HOW  TO  ORGANIZE  A  CHAPTER  AND  CONDUCT  A 
MEETING.   PARLIAMENTARY  LAW.   BY-LAWS. 

We  will  now  proceed  to  answer  the  most  impor- 
tant and  constant  questions  that  come  to  us  from 
day  to  day.  Naturally  the  first  inquiry  is,  "  How 
can  I  form  a  Chapter  of  the  A.  A.  ?" 

As  four  is  the  smallest  number  of  members  recog- 
nized as  a  "  Chapter,"  the  first  thing  to  do  is  to  find 
at  least  three  persons  besides  yourself  who  are  inter- 
ested in  the  plan.  Call  a  meeting  and  appoint  a 
temporary  chairman.  Explain  to  your  friends  the 
purpose  for  which  you  have  called  them  together, 
and  make  a  motion  to  the  effect  that  a  chapter  of 
the  A.  A.  be  organized.  If  this  motion  prevails,  it 
will  be  well  to  have  a  committee  appointed  to  draft 
your  by-laws,  or  the  rules  by  which  your  chapter 
is  to  be  guided.  After  choosing  this  committee  you 
may  adjourn. 

At  the  next  meeting,  hear  and  act  upon  the  re- 
port of  your  committee,  and  elect  your  permanent 
officers.  It  will  prove  of  great  service  to  you 
to  conduct  your  meetings,  as  far  as  may  be, 
in  accordance  with  parliamentary  law.  Your 
by-laws  should  contain  an  article  stating  what 
authority  shall  control  you  in  this  regard.  You  will 
find  "  Roberts'  Rules  of  Order  "  an  excellent  and 
intelligible  guide.  If  you  have  no  book  of  rules, 
the  following  will  be  found  to  cover  the  principal 
points  which  may  perplex  you  : 


How  to  Organize,  &c.  13 

RULES    OF    ORDER. 

1.  A  quorum  of  members  is  always   required   for 
the  transaction  of  business,  and  in  the  absence  of  a 
special  law,  a  majority  of  the  members  constitutes  a 
quorum. 

2.  There  is  properly  no  business  before  the  house 
until  a  member  has  been  recognized   by  the  chair- 
man as  having  offered  a  motion. 

3.  It   requires    a  two-thirds   vote    to   suppress  a 
question  without  permitting  debate. 

4.  A  motion  to   reconsider  a   question  once  de- 
cided  can  only  be   made    by  one   who    has  voted 
affirmatively. 

5.  A  rule  adopted  must  be  enforced  by  the  chair 
without  question. 

6.  Motions  to  lay  on  the  table,  and  for  the  previ- 
ous question  are   customary  methods  for  disposing 
of  questions  and  abridging  debate. 

7.  Debate  must  be  confined  to  the  question,  and 
personalities  are  out  of  order. 

8.  Motions  which   are  undebatable,  are  the  previ- 
ous question  ;  to  lay  on  or  take  from  the  table  ;  an 
objection  to  the  consideration  of  any  question  ;  an 
appeal   relative  to  indecorum  or  violation   of   rule  ; 
questions  relative  to  the  order  of  business,  to  the 
withdrawal  of  a  motion,  to  reading  papers  or  to  sus1 
pending  the  rules  ;  and   motions  to  adjourn,  to  fix 
the  time  to  which  to  adjourn,  or  to  postpone  indefi- 
nitely.    None  of  these  can  be  amended  except  that 
to  fix  the  time  to  which  to  adjourn.     Precedence  is 
given  to  motions  in  the   following   order  ;  and  any 
motion,  except  to  amend,  can  be  made  while  one  of 
a  lower  order  is  pending  ;  but  none   can   supersede 
one  of  a  higher  order. 


14  Hand-Book. 

1.  To  fix  the  time  to  which  to  adjourn. 

2.  To  adjourn.    3.  A  call  for  the  order  of  the  day. 
4.  To  lay  on  the  table.    5.  The  previous  question. 

6.  To  postpone  to  a  certain  time. 

7.  To  commit,  amend  or  postpone  indefinitely. 

BY-LAWS. 

Very  much  of  the  comfort  and  harmony  of  your 
meetings  will  depend  upon  the  wisdom  of  your  by- 
laws. They  should  be  simple,  short  and  compre- 
hensive, and  should  cover  such  points  as  what 
officers  you  will  have,  how  long  they  shall  hold 
office,  what  initiation  fee  you  will  require,  how 
many  members  you  will  admit,  what  fines  you  will 
impose  for  absence,  what  duties  shall  devolve  upon 
your  officers  and  members,  and  what  order  of  exer- 
cises you  will  follow  in  your  meetings.  The  fol- 
lowing schedule  may  prove  serviceable  as  a  sug- 
gestion : 

1.  The  name  of  this  society  shall  be,  etc. 

2.  The  officers  shall  be  — . 

3.  The  entrance  fee  shall  be  — . 

4.  The  regular  dues  shall  be  — . 

5.  The  order  of  exercises  at  our  regular  meetings 
shall  be  :    a.  Roll-call ;  b.  Minutes  of  last  meeting  ; 
c.  Treasurer's  report  ;  d.  Report  of  corresponding 
secretary ;    e.  Reports  of   members   on    specimens, 
etc.;   f.  Miscellaneous  business;   g.  Adjournment. 

6.  New  members  may  be  elected  at  any  regular 
meeting  of   the  society,  by  ballot,  and  —  adverse 
votes  shall  exclude. 

7.  The   meetings   of   this   society  shall   be  con- 
ducted in  accordance  with ,  etc. 


How  to  Organize,  &c.  £       75- 

The  second  article  should  contain  a  clause  lim- 
iting the  time  during 'which  the  various  offices  shall 
be  held  ;  but  considering  the  fact  that  the  addresses, 
of  your  President  and  Secretary  are  to  be  published 
in  St.  Nicholas  and  in  the  Hand  Book,  for  the  ben- 
efit of  other  chapters,  those  officers  should  be  elected 
once  for  all,  if  possible.  In  any  case  you  should 
take  a  P.  O.  Box,  which  may  remain  as  the  perma- 
nent address  of  your  chapter  through  whatever  of- 
ficial changes  may  occur. 

In  societies  where  members  are  of  nearly  the 
same  age,  the  decision  of  the  majority  should  be 
regarded  as  absolute,  and  be  cheerfully  agreed  to 
by  the  minority.  In  family  chapters,  and  those 
under  the  direction  of  a  teacher,  it  is  well  to  have  a 
by-law  giving  the  President  the  power  of  veto,  and 
making  a  three-fourths  vote  necessary  to  pass  a  mo- 
tion over  his  veto.  Such  branches  may,  if  they 
choose,  constitute  simple  classes,  and  remain  en- 
tirely subject  to  the  control  of  parent  or  teacher. 
The  Constitution  leaves  each  branch  entirely  free  in 
these  matters. 

The  first  duty  of  your  secretary,  after  having  re- 
corded the  minutes  of  your  meeting  for  organiza- 
tion, will  be  to  send  to  the  President  of  the  Associa- 
tion an  account  of  the  formation  of  the  chapter, 
containing  the  name,  age,  and  special  department 
of  each  member.  Once  in  two  months  there- 
after, a  report  of  your  progress,  will  be  expected. 
The  nature  of  this  repprt  can  best  be  learned  by  a 
study  of  those  presented  hereafter  in  this  book. 
Should  you,  from  any  cause,  disband,  immediate 
notice  should  be  sent  to  the  President,  so  that  other 
chapters  may  not  address  you  in  vain. 


i6       £  Hand-Book. 

INDIVIDUAL     MEMBERS. 

It  frequently  happens  that  an  individual  wishes 
to  join  the  A.  A.,  but  is  not  able  to  interest  enough 
companions  to  form  a  chapter.  To  provide  for  such 
persons,  we  allow  them  to  become  corresponding 
members  of  the  Central  Association,  at  Lenox,  on 
payment  of  an  entrance  fee  of  50  cents.  No  subse- 
quent dues  are  required,  and  for  Chapters  there  is  no 
expense,  whatever,  except  the  purchase  of  this  book. 

Those  who  join  us  as  corresponding  members, 
are  expected  to  work  in  their  chosen  departments, 
and  to  send  to  the  President,  once  a  month,  a  con- 
cise report  of  their  progress,  modeled  somewhat 
after  the  letters  given  later  in  the  Hand-book. 
They  enjoy  all  the  privileges  of  charter  members, 
except  voting,  and  are  at  liberty  to  correspond  and 
exchange  with  members  of  the  regular  chapters. 


Plan  of   Work. 


CHAPTER    III. 

A     PLAN     OF     WORK. 

The  Presidents  of  those  chapters  that  desire  to 
study  the  scientific  classification  of  the  objects  of 
Nature  will  do  well  to  follow  some  such  method  as 
this  :  Consider,  first,  the  three  great  kingdoms — 
Animal,  Vegetable  and  Mineral.  Let  one  meeting 
be  devoted  to  the  study  of  each  as  a  kingdom.  Let 
all  the  objects  in  your  collection  be  classified  so  far 
as  to  determine  regarding  each,  whether  it  belongs 
to  the  first,  second  or  third  of  these  kingdoms.  De- 
termine the  same  regarding  a  multitude  of  sub- 
stances— as  air,  water,  milk,  sugar,  amber,  alcohol, 
ink,  paper,  steel,  paint,  silk,  flannel,  steam,  smoke, 
coal,  kerosene,  vinegar,  etc. 

Next  take  up  the  branches  into  which  the  several 
kingdoms  are  subdivided.  These  are  for  Animals  : 

I.     Protozoa.  V.     Arthropoda. 

II.     Ccelenterata.  VI.     Molluscoidea. 

III.  Echinodermata.          VII.     Mollusca. 

IV.  Vermes.  VIII.     Tunicata. 

IX.     Vertebrata. 

Let  these  be  carefully  studied  one  by  one,  and 
thoroughly  discussed,  and  illustrated  by  specimens, 
until  any  animal  can  readily  be  referred  to  its  proper 
branch.  If  the  books  which  contain  this  later  class- 
ification are  not  at  your  command,  you  will  do  very 
well  with  the  older  divisions  after  Cuvier,  viz.: 
I.  Vertebrates.  III.  Mollusks. 

II.  Articulates.  IV,  Radiates. 

V.  Protozoans. 


18  Hand-Book. 

These  you  will  find  in  ordinary  text-books,  and  1 
may  mention  as  peculiarly  adapted  to  young  people, 
Tenney's  Zoology,  published  by  Scribner,  Armstrong 
&  Co. 

The  divisions  of  the  Vegetable  kingdom  are 
given  in  Bessey's  Botany,  which  is  one  of  the  best 
and  latest  authorities  on  this  subject ;  and  in  Gray's 
various  botanical  works — the  best  of  which  for  the 
general  student,  is  his  "  Lessons  and  Manual,"  or 
for  younger  ones,  "School  and  Field  Botany." 
These  divisions  and  their  further  subdivisions  should 
be  studied,  as  in  the  case  of  animals,  carefully  and 
patiently.  The  Mineral  kingdom  is  divided  into 
Metallic  and  Non-metallic  substances,  and  these 
again  comprise  objects  which  exhibit  different  de- 
grees of  hardness,  fusibility,  specific  gravity,  etc., 
regard  being  had  also  to  their  chemical  compo- 
sition and  their  peculiar  forms  of  crystallization. 
This  is  the  most  difficult  kingdom  for  an  unaided 
student.  Dana's  "  Mineralogy  "  is  a  good  popular 
guide,  and  Brush's  "  Determinative  Mineralogy  and 
Blow-pipe  Analysis"  is  an  excellent  manual  for 
more  advanced  students,  while  beginners  cannot 
do  better  than  get  some  of  the  science  primers 
printed  by  Ginn  &  Heath,  and  mentioned  later  in 
this  book. 

One  object  of  this  division  and  subdivision  in  the 
several  kingdoms  is  so  to  classify  all  natural  ob- 
jects that  we  may  determine  the  precise  name 
of  any  specimen  we  may  find.  The  more  minute 
the  subdivision,  the  more  difficult  often  becomes  the 
analysis.  Thus,  it  is  usually  an  easy  matter  to  dis- 
tinguish between  an  animal  and  a  vegetable.  It  is 
not  difficult  to  determine  whether  we  are  examining 


A  Plan  of  Work.  ip 

an  insect  or  a  worm.  If  we  find  an  insect,  we  may 
•  presently  refer  it  to  the  Lepidoptcra,  and  then  to  the 
butterflies ;  but  when  it  comes  to  distinguishing  be- 
tween the  various  vanessas,  with  their  curious  punct- 
uation marks,  the  matter  grows  more  serious,  and 
we  are  compelled  to  obtain  a  book  more  restricted 
in  scope  than  a  zoology,  and,  indeed,  than  most 
entomologies. 

As  a  result  of  this,  it  becomes  necessary  for  him 
that  would  accurately  study  any  department  of 
Nature  to  limit  himself  early  to  a  small  field.  One 
will  choose,  for  instance,  Dragon-flies,  and  by  de- 
voting years  to  them  will  become  a  specialist  and  an 
authority  in  that  department.  It  is  the  tendency  of 
the  times  to  produce  specialists. 

Many  persons,  however,  are  not  willing  to  restrict 
themselves  to  so  narrowr  a  field  of  study.  They 
prefer  to  range  freely  over  mountain  and  along 
stream,  and  having  acquired  the  power  to  analyze  a 
flower  or  determine  a  mineral,  they  leave  the  one  to 
nod  and  smile  on  its  dewy  stem  in  undissected 
beauty,  and  the  other  to  sparkle  in  the  sunlight,  in- 
stead of  crackling  in  the  reducing  flame  of  a  com- 
pound blow-pipe.  Yet  we  must  have  strict  scien- 
tists, and  we  honor  the  men  who,  for  the  sake  of 
expanding  the  world's  knowledge,  are  willing  to 
confine  their  own  researches  to  a  narrow  field. 

For  those,  then,  who  are  old  enough  to  pursue  a 
systematic  course,  we  have  briefly  outlined  a  plan 
which  may  be  followed  in  any  department  of  Nat- 
ural Science.  It  consists  in  first  obtaining  a  general 
view  of  the  whole  field,  and  then  in  learning  its  suc- 
cessive subdivisions,  until  analysis  is  complete. 

The  rest  of  you,  and  especially  you,  my  little  folk 


20  Hand-Hook. 

of  ten  years  old  and  under,  may,  for  the  present, 
leave  the  big  books  unopened,  and  the  Latin  names 
unlearned.  Watch  the  minnows  dart  about  in  the 
crystal  water ;  count  the  daisy  flowers,  and  may 
they  prove  oracles  of  joy ;  blow  off  the  dandelion's 
plumes  to  see  if  mother  wants  you  ;  test  your  love 
for  butter  by  the  glimmer  of  the  buttercup  beneath- 
your  chins  ;  find  pretty  pebbles  by  the  brook  and 
keep  them  bright  in  glasses  of  water  ;  gather  brilliant 
autumn  leaves  and  press  them  for  the  days  when 
their  colors  will  be  in  the  sky ;  study  the  beautiful 
crystals  of  the  snow  lightly  falling  on  your  sleeve 
as  you  plod  to  school;  learn  to  love  the  music  of  the 
rain,  and  the  singing  of  the  wind,  and  the  moaning 
of  the  sea. 

You  may  not  discover  many  wonderful  things — 
or  things  that  you  will  recognize  as  wronderful.  But 
St.  Nicholas  is  a  far  traveler.  If  the  boys  and  girls 
in  all  the  different  places,  gladdened  by  his  visits, 
were  to  tell  each  other  about  the  common  things  in 
each  one's  own  vicinity,  there  would  be  wonder 
enough,  I  am  sure. 

Yet  you  may  find  something  altogether  new.  Did 
not  little  Maggie  Edward  find  a  new  fish  for  her 
father?  What?  Never  heard  of  Thomas  Edward 
— the  dear  old  shoe-maker  who  used  to  make 
"uppers"  all  day,  and  then  lie  all  night  in  a  hole  in 
a  sand-bank,  with  his  head  and  gun  out,  wratching 
for  "beasts?"  In  that  case,  you  would  do  well  to 
read  the  book  called  "The  Scotch  Naturalist,"  by 
Samuel  Smiles. 

Nature  must  be  studied  out-of-doors.  Naturajl 
objects  must  be  studied  from  the  specimens  them- 
selves. The  rocks  must  be  broken  open,  the  flowers 


A  Plan  of  Work.  '         21 

must  be  studied  as  they  grow,  and  animals  must  be 
watched  as  they  live  freely  in  their  own  strange 
homes.  Listen  to  quaint  old  Bernardin  de  St. 
Pierre,  author  of  "  Paul  and  Virginia  :" 

"  Botanists  mislead  us.  They  must  have  magni- 
fying glasses  and  scales  in  order  to  class  the  trees 
of  a  forest  !  To  show  me  the  character  of  a  flower, 
it  is  presented  to  me  dry,  discolored  and  spread  out 
on  the  leaf  of  an  herbary.  Who  can  discover  the 
queen  of  the  flowers  in  a  dried  rose  ?  In  order  to 
its  being  an  object  at  once  of  love  and  philosophy, 
it  must  be  viewed  when,  issuing  from  the  cleft  of  a 
humid  rock,  it  shines  on  its  native  verdure,  when 
the  zephyr  sways  it,  on  a  stem  armed  with  thorns." 

Nothing  can  take  the  place  of  personal  contact 
with  Nature.  No  great  naturalist  has  learned  his 
lessons  from  books. 

Agassiz  had  learned  more  about  fishes  before  he 
ever  saw  a  fish-book,  than  he  found  in  the  book  af- 
ter he  got  it. 

Audubon  lived  in  the  woods  and  learned  the  voi- 
ces of  all  the  birds,  and  could  tell  them  also  by 
their  flight. 

Gilbert  White  wrote  charming  letters  about  the 
swallows  under  his  eaves,  the  cricket  on  his  hearth, 
and  the  old  tortoise  that  lived  in  his  kitchen-garden. 

W.  W.  Bailey  braves  the  frosts  of  winter,  and  ram- 
bles by  the  icy  brooks,  or  through  the  snow-carpeted 
aisles  of  the  naked  forest,  to  see  what  Nature  does 
when  summer  is  ended.  Hear  him  : 

"  The  pretty  little  stream  is  bordered  by  a  fringe 
of  white  ice,  under  which  we  can  see  great  bubbles 
press,  squeezing  themselves  into  very  curious  forms. 
The  stream  murmurs  some  pleasant  story  of  the 


22  Hand- Book. 

summer  violets.  On  its  still  pools  float  leaf-gondo- 
las of  curious  patterns.  Great  fern-feathers,  un- 
withered  by  the  frost,  droop  over  the  brook,  and 
velvety  mosses  cushion  the  shores." 

These  men  understand  Nature.  They  enter  into 
the  spirit  of  her  mighty,  throbbing  life,  and  inter- 
pret the  secrets  of  her  wondrous  love. 

And  if  you  have  ever  known  what  it  is  to  feel  a 
great  love  for  the  very  earth,  so  that  on  some  sunny 
day  you  have  wandered  off  alone,  and  under  the 
fragrant  shade  of  an  ancient  pine,  have  thrown  your- 
self upon  her  broad  bosom,  like  a  tired  child;  or  if, 
when  the  wind  was  bending  the  long  grass,  you  have 
lain  among  the  daisies,  like  Robert  Falconer,  watch- 
ing your  kite  floating  far  up  in  the  blue  sky,  and 
wondering  what  there  is  beyond  the  kite,  and  be- 
yond the  sky;  or  if,  on  some  dark  day  in  December, 
when  the  gray  clouds  were  skurrying  across  the  sky, 
you  have  climbed  a  hill  alone,  and  from  a  swaying 
perch  in  a  leafless  beech  watched  the  drifting  snow 
as  it  wrapped  the  world  in  ermine, — then  you  may 
believe  that  a  portion  of  the  spirit  that  animated 
Agassiz,  and  Edward,  and  Audubon,  and  White,  and 
Wordsworth,  has  fallen  upon  you. 


How  to  Make  a  Cabinet. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

HOW    TO    MAKE    A    CABINET. 

In  "  Rollo's  Museum,"  a  charming  little  book  by 
Jacob  Abbot,  we  read  that  Jonas  made  an  excellent 
cabinet  for  Rollo,  from  a  large  packing-box.  He 
stood  it  on  end,  fitted  it  with  shelves,  and  closed  it 
by  doors  attached  by  means  of  leather  hinges,  and 
fastened  by  a  wooden  button.  Such  a  cabinet  neatly 
finished,  looks  very  well,  and  costs  almost  nothing. 
To  those  who  would  like  to  try  their  hands  at  some- 
thing a  little  more  elegant,  we  offer  the  following 
simple  design: 

The    picture 
shows  the  cabinet 
j  complete,  and  the 
plan  following  it  is 
]  drawn  so  that  ev- 
I  ery    measurement 
I  in    it    is  one  -  six- 


Jteenth  of  the  cor- 
I  responding  meas- 
urement in  the 
finished  cabinet. 
No  nails  are  used. 
Wood  of  light 
color  looks  well ;  chestnut  is  easily  worked.  The 
ends  of  the  top  and  bottom  are  mortised  into  the 
sides.  Close  to  the  side  boards,  holes  are  bored 
through  the  projecting  parts  of  the  tenons  ;  and 
wedges  are  inserted  and  hammered  tight. 


Hand-Book. 


The  frames  of  the  doors  are  doweled  at  the  cor- 
ners, each  joint  being  made  by  boring  a  hole  through 
one  piece  into  the  next,  and  inserting  a  dowel  coated 
with  glue.  The  short  dotted  lines  in  the  plan  help 
to  explain  this.  The  glass  should  not  be  set  with 
putty,  but  with  narrow  strips,  beading,  or  rattan, 
fastened  with  brads  or  "  needle  points."  Butt-hinges 
may  be  used,  with  ornamental  hinge-plates  set  out- 
side, as  shown.  Hook  one  door  to  the  shelf,  and  it 
will  hold  the  other  door  shut. 

The  shelves  may 
be  made  with  raised 
*  edges,  like  trays, — 
the  front  rims  are 
not  shown  in  the  pic- 
ture. These  edges 
will  keep  the  contents 
from  rolling  off  when 
the  trays  are  taken 
out.  The  shelves 


Q 


slope  forward  to 
show  the  specimens 
to  better  advantage: 
and  they  rest  on  dowels  let  into  auger-holes  in  the 
side  boards.  To  prevent  them  from  slipping,  pegs 
are  set  in  them  underneath,  resting  against  the 
backs  of  the  forward  dowels.  The  shelves  may  be 
put  in  flat,  and  may  rest  on  screw  eyes  screwed  into 
the  sides  of  the  cabinet, 

Metal  ears  are  set  on  the  back,  projecting  above 
the  top,  for  hanging  the  cabinet;  in  addition,  it  is 
well   to  drive  a  screw  from  the  inside  through  the . 
the  back  into  a  stud  in  the  wall. 

The  scalloping  at  the  top  of  the  back  may  be  done 


How  to  Make  a  Chapter.  25 

with  a  fret-saw.  The  hole  in  the  center  of  each  scal- 
lop is  bored  right  through.  The  ornamental  lines 
across  the  sides  are  made  with  a  gouge,  and  should 
be  covered  with  two'  coats  of  white  shellac  varnish. 
Those  skilled  in  fret-sawing  may  like  to  set  in  the 
top  the  letters  Jju  ^.r  in  Old  English  text.  If  you 
are  puzzled  over  any  of  the  details,  the  nearest  cab- 
inet maker  will  give  you  a  friendly  hint. 

Many  chapters  wishing  something  still  more  elab- 
orate, have  given  various  sorts  of  entertainments, 
and  earned  money  to  buy  them,  and  in  many  cases 
the  school  authorities  have  generously  furnished  our 
young  friends  with  cabinets,  and  rendered  them 
other  substantial  aid. 

One  of  the  most  desirable  kinds  of  cabinet,  is 
made  like  a  shallow  show-case,  and  the  top  is  covered 
with  a  glass  door  which  may  be  lifted  up.  In  a  case 
for  insects,  this  top  may  be  tightly  fastened  down  by 
means  of  thumbscrews,  and  may  be  rendered  air- 
tight by  the  interposition  of  a  strip  of  rubber. 


26  Hand-Book. 


CHAPTER  V. 

\Eyihe  courtesy  of  Prof.  Gr«y.  ami  tin:  Pniji 
<>f  these  hints  on  collecting  plants,  an  tah/t  fro 
Lessons  in  Botany :  Icixon.  Blakema.n.  T<!t/?o/'  <!• 

HOW    TO    COLLECT    SPECIMENS    AND     MAKE    AX 
HERBARIUM. 

For  collecting  specimens  the  needful  things 
are  a  large  kncfe,  strong  enough  to  be  used  for  dig- 
ging up  bulbs,  small  rootstocks,  and  the  like,  as  well 
as  for  cutting  woody  branches;  and  a  botanical 
box,  or  ^portfolio,  for  holding  specimens  which  are 
to  be  carried  to  any  distance. 

It  is  well  to  have  both.  The  botanical  box  is 
most  useful  for  holding  specimens  which  are  to  be 
examined  fresh.  It  is  made  of  tin,  in  shape  like  a 
candle-box,  only  flatter,  or  the  smaller  sizes  like  an 
English  sandwich-case;  the  lid  opening  for  nearly 
the  whole  length  of  one  side  of  the  box.  Any  port- 
able tin  box  of  convenient 
k  size,  and  capable  of  holding 
1  specimens  a  foot  or  fifteen 
[inches  long,  will  answer  the 
f  purpose.  The  box  should 
shut  close,  so  that  the  speci- 
mens may  not  wilt:  then  it  will  keep  leafy  branches 
and  most  flowers  perfectly  fresh  for  a  day  or  two, 
especially  if  slightly  moistened. 

The  portfolio  should  be  a  pretty  strong  one,  from 
a  foot  to  twenty  inches  long,  and  from  nine  to 
eleven  inches  wide,  and  fastening  with  tape,  or 


How  tot  Collect  Specimens,  arc.  27 

(which  is  better)  by  a  leathern  strap  and  buckle  at 
the  side.  It  should  contain  a  quantity  of  sheets  of 
thin  and  smooth,  unsized  paper;  the  poorest  print- 
ing-paper and  grocers'  tea-paper  are  very  good  for 
the  purpose.  The  specimens  as  soon  as  gathered 
are  to  be  separately  laid  in  a  folded  sheet,  and  kept 
under  moderate  pressure  in  the  closed  portfolio. 

Botanical  specimens  should  be  either  in  flower 
or  in  fruit.  In  the  case  of  herbs,  the  same  spec- 
imen will  often  exhibit  the  two;  and  both  should 
by  all  means  be  secured  whenever  it  is  possible.  Of 
small  herbs,  especially  annuals,  the  whole  plant,  root 
and  all,  should  be  taken  for  a  specimen.  Of  larger 
ones  branches  will  suffice,  with  some  of  the  leaves 
from  near  the  root.  Euough  of  the  root  or  subter- 
ranean part  of  the  plant  should  be  collected  to  show 
whether  the  plant  is  an  annual,  biennial  or  peren- 
nial. Thick  roots,  bulbs,  tubers,  or  branches  of 
specimens  intended  to  be  preserved,  should  be 
thinned  with  a  knife,  or  cut  into  slices  lengthwise. 

For  drying  specimens  a  good  supply  of  soft 
and  unsized  paper — the  more  bibulous  the  better — 
is  wanted;  and  some  convenient  means  of  applying 
pressure.  All  that  is  requisite  to  make  good  dried 
botanical  specimens  is,  to  dry  them  as  rapidly  as 
possible  between  many  thicknesses  of  paper  to  ab- 
sorb their  moisture,  under  as  much  pressure  as  can 
be  given  without  crushing  the  more  delicate  parts. 
This  pressure  may  be  given  by  a  botanical  press, 
of  which  various  forms  have  been  contrived;  or  by 
weights  placed  upon  a  board, — from  forty  to  eighty 
or  a  hundred  pounds,  according  to  the  quantity  of 
specimens  drying  at  the  time.  For  use  while  trav- 
eling, a  good  portable  press  may  be  made  of  thick 


-28  Hand-Book. 

binders'  boards  for  the  sides,  holding  the  drying  pa- 
per, and  the  pressure  may  be  applied  by  a  cord,  or, 
much  better,  by  strong  straps  with  buckles. 

For  drying  paper,  the  softer  and  smoother 
sorts  of  che'ap  wrapping-paper  answer  very  well. 
This  paper  may  be  made  up  into  driers,  each  of  a 
dozen  sheets  or  less,  according  to  the  thickness, 
lightly  stitched  together.  Specimens  to  be  dried 
should  be  put  into  the  press  as  soon  as  possible  after 
gathering.  If  collected  in  a  portfolio,  the  more  del- 
icate plants  should  not  be  disturbed,  but  the  sheets 
that  hold  them  should  one  by  one  be  transferred 
from  the  portfolio  to  the  press.  Specimens  brought 
home  in  the  botanical  box  must  be  laid  in  a  folded 
-sheet  of  the  same  thin,  smooth,  and  soft  paper  used 
in  the  portfolio;  and  these  sheets  are  to  hold  the 
plants  until  they  are  dry.  They  are  to  be  at  once 
laid  in  between  the  driers,  and  the  whole  put  under 
pressure.  Every  day  (or  at  first  even  twice  a  day 
would  be  well),  the  specimens,  left  undisturbed  in 
their  sheets,  are  to  be  shifted  into  well-dried  fresh 
driers,  and  the  pressure  renewed,  while  the  moist 
sheets  are  spread  out  to  dry,  that  they  may  take 
their  turn  again  at  the  next  shifting.  This  course 
must  be  continued  until  the  specimens  are  no  longer 
moist  to  the  touch, — which  for  most  plants  requires 
about  a  week;  then  they  may  be  transferred  to  the 
sheets  of  paper  in  which  they  are  to  be  preserved. 
If  a  great  abundance  of  drying  paper  is  to  be  used, 
it  is  not  necessary  to  change  the  sheets  even*  day, 
after  the  first  day  or  two. 

Herbarium.  The  botanist's  collection  of  dried 
specimens,  ticketed  with  their  names,  place,  and 
time  of  collection,  and  systematically  arranged 


How  to  Collect  Specimens,  &c.  2p> 

under  their  genera,  orders,  &c.,  forms  a  Hortus 
Siccus  or  Herbarium.  It  comprises  not  only  the 
specimens  which  the  proprietor  has  himself  collected, 
but  those  which  he  acquires  through  friendly  ex- 
changes with  distant  botanists,  or  in  other  ways. 
The  specimens  of  an  herbarium  may  be  kept  in 
folded  sheets  of  neat,  and  rather  thick,  white  paper; 
or  they  may  be  fastened  on  half  sheets  of  such  pa- 
per, either  by  slips  of  gummed  paper,  or  by  glue 
applied  to  the  specimens  themselves.  Each  sheet 
should  be  appropriated  to  one  species;  two  or  more 
different  plants  should  never  be  attached  to  the  same 
sheet.  The  generic  and  specific  name  of  the  plant 
should  be  added  to  the  lower  right-hand  corner,  ei- 
ther written  on  the  sheet,  or  on  a  ticket  pasted 
down  at  that  corner;  and  the  time  of  collection,  the 
locality,  the  color  of  the  flowers,  and  any  other  in- 
formation which  the  specimens  themselves  do  not 
afford,  should  be  duly  recorded  upon  the  sheet  or 
the  ticket.  The  sheets  of  the  herbarium  should  all 
be  of  exactly  the  same  dimensions.  The  herbarium 
of  Linnaeus  is  on  paper  of  the  common  foolscap 
size,  about  eleven  inches  long  and  seven  wide.  But 
this  is  too  small  for  an  herbarium  of  any  magnitude. 
Sixteen  and  a  half  inches  by  ten  and  a  half,  or  elev- 
en and  a  half  inches,  is  an  approved  size. 

The  sheets  containing  the  species  of  each  genus 
are  to  be  placed  in  genus-covers,  made  of  a  full 
sheet  of  thick,  colored  paper  (such  as  the  strong- 
est Manilla-hemp  paper),  which  fold  to  the  same 
dimensions  as  the  species-sheet;  and  the  name  of 
the  genus  is  to  be  written  on  one  of  the  lower  cor- 
ners. These  are  to  be  arranged  under,  the  orders 
to  which  they  belong,  and  the  whole  kept  in  closed 


jo  Hand-Book. 

cases  or  cabinets,  either  laid  flat  in  compartments, 
like  large  "  pigeon-holes,"  or  else  placed  in  thick 
portfolios,  arranged  like  folio  volumes,  and  having 
the  names  of  the  orders  lettered  on  the  back. 

It  may  not  be  out  of  place,  in  connection  with 
rules  for  preserving  plants,  to  give  the  following- 
method  of  preparing  specimens  of  wood  for  the 
cabinet:  Cut  boards  five  by  eight  inches  and  a  quar- 
ter of  an  inch  thick.  Season,  and  plane  smooth. 
Varnish  one-half.  Then  cut  from  a  sapling,  two  or 
three  inches  in  diameter,  some  pieces  one-quarter 
of  an  inch  thick.  Saw  these  in  a  square  miter-box. 


SPECIMEN   OF   WOOD. 

Saw  off  several,  as  some  may  warp  or  split.  In 
summer,  the  pieces  will  season  without  a  fire.  In 
winter,  a  fire  is  needed,  but  the  wood  should  not  be 
put  too  near  it.  When  the  end  sections  are  season- 
ed, smooth  one  side  carefully  with  a  rasp,  so  as  not 
to  mar  the  bark.  Finish  with  fine  sand-paper. 
Polish,  oil,  or  varnish,  being  careful  not  to  varnish 
the  bark.  When  dry,  fasten  with  small  screws,  from 
the  back,  to  the  center  of  the  boards  previously  de- 
scribed. 


How  to  Collect  and  Preserve  Sea-iveeiL         31 
CHAPTER  VI. 

HOW    TO    COLLECT    AND    PRESERVE    SEA-WEED. 

Louisa  Lane  Clarke,  in  "Common  Sea-weeds" 
gives  the  following  suggestions,  which  are  evidently 
the  fruit  of  experience.  Even  in  these  minor  de- 
tails she  reveals  her  true  love  of  nature.  "We 
dabble  in  the  cool,  clear  tide-pools,  and  scarcely 
know  what  we  take  up;  there  is  a  world  of  life  in 
each.  The  speckled  prawn  is  balancing  himself, 
and  waving  to  and  fro  his  sensitive  feelers,  springing 
away  under  the  rich  foliage  that  conceals  his  hiding- 
place;  and  the  small  Blenny  darts  like  a  lightning- 
flash  from  cranny  to  crevice,  the  fear  and  the  dread 
of  man  upon  it.  On  the  green  Ulva  creeps  the 
lovely  little  slug — a  bright  green  spotted  with  white 
— called  Acteon  viridis,  and  on  darker  sea-weeds  the 
great  purplish  Sea-hare.  Sea-spiders  lurk  amid  the 
coralline;  and  as  we  gather  a  bunch  of  sea- weed, 
we  shake  out  dozens  of  a  pretty  little  snail  called 
Rissoa,  besides  gathering,  if  we  please,  bright  yel- 
low Nerits,  the  commonest  sea-snail  of  our  coast. 
All  these  force  themselves  on  the  notice  of  the  sea- 
weed gatherer,  as  we  scramble  over  the  rocks,  and 
pause  to  consicler  where  we  shall  begin. 

I  advise  taking  a  little  of  everything — not  much, 
for  they  so  soon  spoil  in  waiting  to  be  mounted — 
and  naming  each  specimen  as  it  is  decided  by 
reference  to  your  manual.  If  you  have  time  to 
spare,  be  content  to  press  and  arrange  the  weeds 
mentioned  as  belonging  to  the  first  tide-pools.  If 


j2  Hand-Book. 

you  have  but  a  day  for  a  sea-side  holiday,  go  down 
to  the  lowest  ebb  of  the  tide,  in  hopes  of  the  best 
red  sea-weeds,  and  work  back  to  the  commoner,  but 
still  beautiful,  green  sea-weeds,  Viva  and  Cladophorcz. 

Suppose  now,  that  we  have  made  our  search,  and 
have  brought  home  a  tangled  mass  of  olive,  red  and 
green  sea-weeds. 

We  get  some  soup-plates,  fresh  water,  a  bit  of 
alum,  some  camel-hair  pencils,  and  /  use  needles, 
mounted  on  lucifer  matches,  to  assist  in  disentang- 
ling the  mass. 

Of  course  we  are  prepared  with  paper  cut  into 
large  and  small  squares;  and  as  much  of  the  beauty 
of  the  specimens  depends  on  the  quality  of  the  pa- 
per, it  should  be  fine,  and  at  the  same  time  stout, 
almost  as  good  as  drawing  paper. 

Now  float  a  piece  of  weed  in  fresh  water;  if  very 
dirty  or  sandy,  wash  it  first,  and  in  renewed  water 
float  it  on  a  piece  of  paper  supported  by  your  left 
hand,  whilst  with  your  right  hand  you  arrange  the 
plant  in  a  natural  manner,  using  a  mounted  needle 
or  porcupine-quill,  and  thinning  out  the  supera- 
bundant branches  with  a  fine  pointed  pair  of  scis- 
sors. When  the  specimen  is  placed  as  you  like  it, 
cautiously  raise  the  paper  that  the  position  of  the 
plant  be  not  altered,  and  let  it  rest  somewhere  with 
sloping  inclination,  that  the  moisture  may  run  off 
whilst  other  specimens  are  treated  in  the  same  way. 

Do  not  leave  them  long  thus,  for  they  must  be 
pressed  before  the  paper  is  dry. 

A  convenient  traveling  press  consists  of  two  pieces 
of  deal  board  about  two  feet  long  and  one  foot  wide, . 
a   couple    of  quires  of  whity-brown    paper,    and  a 
double  strap.     Lay  blotting  paper  between  the  coar- 


How  to  Collect  and  Preserve  Sea-weed.         jj 

ser  paper,  and  you  can  strap  them  closely,  and  carry 
your  sea-weed  very  safely  in  your  hand. 

In  drying  them,  you  must  have  old  linen  or  fine 
muslin,  old  and  soft,  to  lay  upon  the  weed  and  pre- 
vent its  sticking  to  the  upper  paper;  but  do  not  leave 
it  beyond  a  day  or  so,  lest  it  leave  chequered  marks 
upon  the  surface  of  the  weed,  especially  those  with 
broad  fronds,  like  Delesseria. 

Experience  will  give  the  best  lessons.  Some  sea- 
weeds, such  as  Melogloia,  which  are  glutinous,  must 
not  be  pressed  at  all,  but  laid  out  to  dry,  and  when 
perfectly  so,  then  moisten  the  under  side  of  the  pa- 
per, and  give  a  gentle  pressure  only. 

Others  will  not  adhere  to  paper,  and  therefore, 
when  dry,  brush  them  over  with  a  little  isinglass  dis- 
solved in  gin  (laid  on  warm,)  and  they  will  then  be 
fixed  closely  to  the  cardboard  or  paper. 

Another  preparation  is:  one  ounce  oil  of  turpen- 
tine, in  which  some  gum  mastic  the  size  of  a  nut- 
meg has  been  dissolved.  This  gives  a  gloss  to  the 
specimen,  and  helps  to  preserve  the  color. 

You  must  change  the  blotting  paper  and  muslin 
at  least  twice  during  the  process  of  drying  larger 
sea- weeds;  the  smaller  ones  will  be  ready  in  a  couple 
of  days  for  the  album,  on  the  second  day  giving 
heavy  pressure  by  stones  and  weights  besides  the 
strap. 


34  Hand-Book. 

CHAPTER  VII. 

HOW    TO    COLLECT,    STUDY    AND     PRESERVE    INSECTS. 

Of  the  seven  thousand  members  of  the  Agassiz 
Association,  more  have  expressed  a  preference  for  f 
the  study  of  entomology  than  for  almost  any  other 
branch.  Curiously  enough,  the  girls  seem  to  be 
quite  as  fond  of  insects  as  the  boys  are.  It  is  not 
difficult  to  account  for  this  preference.  The  many- 
hued  wings  of  butterflies  flashing  in  the  sun,  the 
metallic  gleam  of  beetles,  the  feathery  grace  and 
rich  coloring  of  moths,  the  dreamy  pinions  of  drag- 
on-flies, the  excitement  of  the  chase,  and  above  all, 
the  mysterious  and  symbolic  changes  which  attend 
insect-life,  shed  a  bright  fascination  about  insect- 
study. 

Attracted  by  this  light  our  boys  and  girls  are  flut- 
tering about  the  homes  of  bugs  and  beetles  very 
much  in  the  same  manner  that  bugs  and  beetles 
flutter  about  the  lights  in  our  human  habitations. 
Let  me,  then,  hasten  to  answer  the  three  questions 
which  are  puzzling  so  many  of  our  correspondents: 
How  catch  ?  how  kill  ?  how  keep  ?  By  far  the  best 
way  to  catch  a  butterfly  is  to  find  a  caterpillar;  keep 
him  in  a  glass  box;  feed  him  with  leaves  of  the 
plant  on  which  you  found  him;  and  watch  him  day 
by  day,  as  he  changes  his  various  garments,  "  spins 
himself  up"  till  he  bursts  or  perforates  his  cere- 
ments and  unrolls  his  wings,  with  every  painted 
shingle  in  its  place,  his  "  feathers"  quite  unruffled 
on  his  head  and  his  six  legs  under  him  in  unmuti-- 


How  to  Collect,  Study,  &c.  35 

lated  entireness.  Full  directions  for  raising  insects, 
making  glass  cases,  etc.,  are  contained  in  a  little 
book  called  "  Insect  Lives,"  published  at  a  dollar  by 
Robert  Clarke,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

In  addition  to  this  method  of  capture,  you  will 
need  a  light  gauze  net.  Any  boy  can  make  one  of 
these  in  half  an  hour.  Get  three-fourths  of  a  yard 
of  silk  veiling;  ask  Mother  to  make  a  bag  of  it, 
with  a  hem  around  the  top  wide  enough  to  run  a 
pipe-stem  through;  pass  a  thick  wire  through  this 
and  bend  it  into  the  shape  required;  fasten  the 
ends  of  this  wire  to  a  light  stick,  five  or  six  feet 
long,  and  your  net  is  made.  A  piece  of  a  bamboo 
fishing  rod  makes  a  good  handle.  You  may  also 
need  a  stouter  net  for  beating  about  in  the  bushes. 

A  third  method  of  capturing  moths  is  that  of 
painting  trees  with  a  mixture  of  rum,  beer  and  su- 
gar. This  is  done  in  the  early  evening,  and  later, 
lantern  in  hand,  you  go  about  from  tree  to  tree  and 
tap  into  your  net  the  insects  stupefied  by  the  sweet 
but  fatal  sirup. 

A  very  successful  lure  may  be  formed  by  enclos- 
ing a  female  moth,  alive,  in  a  box  covered  with 
gauze.  Frequently  a  large  number  of  moths  may 
be  taken  in  a  single  evening  as  they  hover  about  the 
imprisoned  insect. 

For  the  capture  and  conveyance  of  beetles,  etc., 
a  good  supply  of  pill-boxes  and  vials  of  various  si- 
zes may  be  .carried  in  the  pockets.  Small  forceps 
are  convenient  for  picking  up  spiders,  which,  how- 
ever, are  not  now  classed  with  true  insects. 

These  smaller  insects  maybe  dropped  at  once  into 
a  bottle  of  alcohol,  and  cared  for  on  reaching  home. 

Butterflies  are  easily  killed  by  a  sudden  and  strong 


3  6  Hand-Book. 

compression  of  the  thorax.  They  are  best  carried 
home  by  folding  the  wings  back  and  enclosing  them 
in  little  three-cornered  envelopes,  not  glued,  but 
merely  folded  over  them. 

•A  vial  of  chloroform  with  a  camel's  hair  brush 
attached  to  the  inside  of  its  rubber  cork,  is  conven- 
ient. A  drop  on  the  head  of  an  insect  will  render 
it  insensible,  and  it  may  be  pinned  into  your  collect- 
ing box.  But  the  best  plan  for  killing  large  insects 
is  the  Cyanide  jar. 

Take  a  wide-mouthed  candy  jar;  get  your  drug- 
gist to  lay  four  or  five  pieces  of  cyanide  of  potas- 
sium, as  large  as  walnuts,  in  it,  and  cover  them  with 
a  layer  of  sawdust.  Over  this  fit  a  piece  of  writing 
paper.  Then  pour  over  all  half  an  inch  of  liquid 
plaster  of  Paris.  This  will  quickly  harden,  forming 
a  smooth  floor,  on  which  any  insect  when  dropped, 
will  quickly  and  quietly  pass  away. 

The  jar  must  be  labeled  poison,  and  must  be 
kept  closed  with  an  air-tight  cover. 

A  collecting  case  can  be  made  of  any  light,  shal- 
low box,  by  lining  it  with  cork,  and  affixing  straps 
by  which  it  may  be  slung  around  the  neck.  Com- 
partments may  be  made  in  it,  for  the  cyanide  and 
chloroform  bottles,  for  forceps,  insect  pins,  envel- 
opes, etc.  Having  got  your  insects  home,  they  must 
be  carefully  mounted.  You  should  have  several 
'setting-boards.'  These  are  simply  thin  boards, 
grooved  at  intervals  so  as  to  admit  the  bodies  of 
different  sized  moths  and  butterflies,  in  such  a  way 
that  their  wings  may  be  flat  on  the  board.  Strips 
of  cork  may  be  glued  along  the  bottom  of  the 
grooves  to  receive  the  pins. 

Pin  your  specimens  in  a  groove  of  proper  depth, " 


How  to  Collect,  Study,  &c.  37 

and  spread  his  wings  carefully  with  your  forceps  or 
needles  set  in  wooden  handles. 

Fasten  them  by  laying  strips  of  glass  over  them, 
or  by  pinning  strips  of  paper  across  them.  They 
should  be  allowed  to  dry  for  a  week  or  two  accord- 
ing to  size.  The  bodies  of  large  lepidopera  should 
be  brushed  with  a  solution  of  corrosive  sublimate, 
one-half  drachm;  arsenic,  four  grains;  alcohol,  one- 
halt  pint.  This  is  of  course  very  poisonous,  and 
you  should  get  some  older  friend  to  prepare  and  apply 
it  for  you. 

Your  insects  may  now  be  pinned  into  cedar  cases, 
made  air-tight,  and  guarded  by  lumps  of  camphor 
gum.  In  addition  to  these  precautions,  all  speci- 
mens should  be  subjected  to  a  rigid  quarantine  of  a 
month  before  being  transferred  to  the  collection. 
Even  then,  the  cases  must  be  carefully  examined 
every  month,  and  any  indications  of  danger  must 
be  regarded.  If  such  appear,  pour  a  few  drops  of 
chloroform  into  the  case,  and  close  the  cover.  This 
will  drive  the  destructive  creatures  into  sight  from 
crack  and  cranny.  Kill  them,  preserving  one  or  two 
for  specimens,  and  renew  your  previous  precautions. 
A  simpler  and  as  effectual  a  method  is  to  give  your 
mounted  insects,  cases  and  all,  a  thorough  baking 
in  the  oven,  but  this  also  requires  great  care,  as  the 
heat  will  spoil  some  kinds. 

Mr.  E.  S.  Morse  gives  probably  the  best  device 
for  arranging  an  insect  box  for  the  cabinet.  It  con- 
sists of  a  light  wooden  frame  like  a  slate  frame,  with 
paper  stretched  upon  the  upper  and  lower  surfaces. 
Dampen  the  paper  and  glue  it  to  the  frame,  and 
when  the  paper  dries,  it  will  contract  and  become  as 
tight  as  a  drum  head.  Inside  the  box  upon  two 


288202 


3c?  Hand-Book. 

sides  fasten  cleats  and  let  their  top  edges  be  about 
a  quarter  of  an  inch  above  the  bottom.  Rest  the 
paper-covered  frame  upon  these  cleats.  The  bot- 
tom of  the  box  should  be  covered  with  soft  pine  to 
receive  the  points  of  the  pins.  The  space  under  the 
frame  should  be  dusted  with  snuff  and  camphor  to 
keep  out  insects. 

But,  after  having  tried  many  methods,  I  have  ' 
been  best  pleased  with  the  appearance  of  insects  that 
I  have  set  up  on  separate,  papered  blocks  of  wood. 
such  as  are  used  for  minerals.  Indeed  I  know  of 
no  way  of  showing  any  of  the  smaller  specimens, 
such  as  shells,  bird's  eggs,  insects,  fossils,  &c.,  to  so 
good  advantage  as  to  set  each  by  itself  on  a  white 
block  of  suitable  size.  For  young  entomologists,  I 
know  of  no  better  book,  on  the  whole,  than  "  Harris 
on  Insects  injurious  to  Vegetation." 

I  will  add  for  the  benefit  of  our  young  entomolo- 
gists a  few  hints  on  methods  of  observation  fur- 
nished by  Prof.  G.  Howard  Parker  of  Cambridge, 
and  Prof.  Asa  Packard,  Jr.,  of  Providence.  Every 
naturalist  should  have  a  pocket  note-book  always 
with  him,  and  make  careful  entries  of  such  points 
as  are  here  indicated.  Suppose,  for  example,  you 
take  first,  butterflies  and  moths.  It  would  be  an  ex- 
cellent plan  to  prepare  a  paper,  in  which  you  might: 

1.  Give  a  brief  but  clear  description  of  the  order.    (Le- 
pidoptera. 

2.  Give  a  careful  report  of  your  own  observations  on 
any  one  species  of  the  order.     In  this  report  should  be  in- 
cluded : 

A.  Description  of  the  insect,  accurate  as  may  be.  and,  if 
possible,  accompanied  b}^  drawings,  however  rude. 

[This  description  should  be  made  as  follows: 


How  to  Collect,  Study,  &c.  jp 

a.  If  a  moth  or  butterfly,  note:  1st.     The  form  of  the 
(iiiteiituv,  whether  pectinated   or  simply  hairy  or  spindle- 
shaped.     2d.    The  form  and  size  of   palpi   and  length  of 
tongue.     3d.  Wings:  1st  pair,  form,  shape  of  costal,  apex, 
outer  edge  veins.     2d  pair  same.     4th.  Markings  on  wings, 
oth.     Feet,  spurs. 

b.  If  a  caterpillar,  note:  1st.  Form  of  head,  wider  or 
narrower  than  segment  next.     3d.  Dorsal,  subdorsal,  and 
lateral  stripes.     3d.  Position  of  tubercles,  warts,  or  spines, 
and   spots.     4th.  Spiraculai    line.      5th.  Supra-anal  plate; 
its  form  and  markings.     6th.  Number  of  abdominal  legs 
and  form  of  last  pair. 

c.  Difference  in  coloration  of  the  sexes;  varieties  ob- 
served; probable  cause  of  such  variation,  such  as  differences 
of  food,  location,  and  time  of  year.] 

B.  Habits. — Date  of  appearance  and  disappearance  of  the 
perfect  insect :    number  of  annual  broods ;  localities  most 
favorable,  etc. 

C.  Transformations. — 1.  The  egg:   description,  sketch, 
duration  of  this  stage;  where  and  how  deposited  by  the  fe- 
male.    2.     Larva:  number  of  molts,  and  changes  noticed 
in  these  molts;  duration  of  each  molt,  and  entire  time  con- 
sumed in  this  stage;  food-plants  of    the  larva;  drawings. 
3.  Chrysalis:  description;   methods   of  protection  and  fas- 
tening; duration  of  this  stage;  special  observations.    4.  Par- 
asites observed  during  these  stages  (ichneumons,  chalcids, 
etc.) 

d.  Concluding  remarks,  with  notes  drawn  from  various 
works  on  the  subject,  and  a  list  of  such  references. 

Having  thus  worked  up  a  few  species  of  Lepi- 
doptera,  you  might,  to  advantage,  take  up  succes- 
sively the  other  orders,  Hymenoptera,  Coleoptera, 
Xeuroptera,  etc.,  treating  them  in  the  same  way, 
and  concluding  the  course  by  a  careful  study  of 
"  Insects  as  a  Class."  Then  you  can  return  to  your 
favorite  order  or  family,  and  carry  on  your  special 


4O  Hand-Book. 

researches  and  observations,   minutely  and   intelli- 
gently. 

We  add  the  following  Department  directions  for 
sending  insects  by  mail : 

"All  inquiries  about  insects,  injurious  or  otherwise, 
should  he  accompanied  by  specimens,  the  more  the  better. 
Such  specimens,  if  dead"  should  be  packed  in  some  soft, 
material,  as  cotton  or  wool,  and  inclosed  in  some  stout  tin 
or  wooden  box.  They  will  come  by  mail  for  one  cent  per 
ounce.  ///.NV/.V  should  never  be  inclosed  loose  in  the  letter. 
Whenever  possible,  larvse  (i.  e.  grubs,  caterpillars,  maggots, 
etc.)  should  be  packed  alive  in  some  tight  tin  box, — the 
tighter  the  better,  as  air-holes  are  not  needed, — along  with 
a  supply  of  their  appropriate  food  sufficient  to  last  them  on 
their  journey :  otherwise,  they  generally  die  on  the  road  and 
shrivel  up.  "  Send  as  full  an  account  as  possible  of  the  hab- 
its of  the  insect  respecting  which  }TOU  desire  information; 
for  example,  what  plant  or  plants  it  infests:  whether  it  de- 
stroys the  leaves,  the  buds,  the  twigs,  or  the  stem:  how 
long  it  has  been  known  to  you;  what  amount  of  damage  it 
has  done,  etc.  Such  particulars  are  often  not  only  of  nigh 
scientific  interest,  but  of  great  practical  importance.  In 
sending  soft  insects  or  larvae  that  have  been  killed  in  alco- 
hol, they  should  be  packed  in  cotton  saturated  with  alcohol. 
In  sending  pinned  or  mounted  insects,  always  pin  them 
securely  in  a  box  to  be  inclosed  in  a  larger  box.  the  space 
between  the  two  boxes  to  be  packed  with  some  soft  or  elas- 
tic material,  to  prevent  too  violent  jarriuir.  P<ick<i<ji'* 
xlioulil  /«•  nmrki-tl  iritl  the  i.ume  of  the  tender." 


How  to  Collect  and  Preserve  Birds.  41 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

HOW    TO    COLLECT    AND    PRESERVE    BIRDS. 

It  is  not  worth  while  to  make  a  collection  of 
mounted  birds.  This  requires  too  much  time  and 
too  much  room.  But,  especially,  skins  are  better 
and  more  convenient  for  study  than  mounted  birds. 
Skins  may  be  kept  in  a  cabinet  with  tightly  fitting 
drawers,  with  plenty  of  camphor,  or  infcect  powder. 
The  best  arm  for  general  purposes  is  the  double- 
barreled,  breech-loading  shot-gun.  Three-fourths 
of  your  cartridges  should  contain  small  charges  of 
mustard-seed  shot,  and  the  remainder,  No.  8  and 
No.  4.  You  can  indicate  the  kind  of  shot  in  each 
shell  by  having  numbers  on  your  shot- wads.  Early 
morning  and  late  evening  are  the  best  hours,  and 
well-watered  and  wooded  spots  the  best  places  for 
collecting.  As  each  specimen  is  secured,  it  must  be 
carefully  cleansed  and  smoothed.  Plug  mouth,  nos- 
trils, vent,  and  shot-holes  with  cotton,  and  thrust 
the  bird  head  first  into  a  paper  cone,  to  keep  the 
plumage  from  injury. 

A  fish  basket  is  excellent  to  carry  the  birds  home. 
Before  skinning,  each  bird  should  be  measured  to 
determine  the  total  length,  and  the  spread  of  wings. 
Note,  also,  the  color  of  the  eyes,  bill,  and  feet,  as 
they  may  fade.  Enter  all  these  memoranda  in  a 
note-book,  and  also  on  the  specimen  label.  Add 
also  date  of  capture,  sex,  locality,  name  of  col- 
lector, etc.,  etc. 


42  Hand-Book. 


See  that  throat,  nostrils,  and  wounds  are  well 
plugged  with  cotton,  and  fasten  some  also  around 
the  bill.  Should  any  blood  get  on  the  feathers  re- 
move it  at  once  with  a  damp  sponge,  and  dry  with 
plaster  of  Paris.  Lay  the  bird  on  its  back,  separate 
the  breast  feathers  right  and  left,  cut  from  the  breast 
bone  to  the  vent  (not  cutting  the  flesh),  and  raise 
the  skin  carefully  on  each  side  as  far  as  the  legs. 
Cut  off  the  legs  at  the  knee  joints,  inside  the  skin, 
and  afterward  skin  down  to  the  tarsus,  scraping  the 
flesh  from  the  shin  bone,  but  leaving  that  bone  in 
place.  Next  skin  around  the  coccyx,  or  tail  bones, 
and  cut  off  the  coccyx  inside  the  skin,  leaving 
enough  flesh  to  hold  the  feathers.  Hang  the  bird 
head  downward,  by  a  hook  inserted  in  the  exposed 
stump  of  the  rump,  and  carefully  strip  off  the  skin 
by  turning  it  back  like  a  glove,  as  far  as  the  wings  : 
cut  off  the  wings,  inside  the  skin,  at  shoulder  joint. 
Skin  the  wing  bones,  and  scrape  the  flesh  from 
them,  as  from  the  legs.  Skin  over  the  head  to  the 
bill,  taking  especial  care  not  to  stretch  the  skin.  The 
skin  above  the  ears  and  eyes  will  have  to  be  detach- 
ed by  cutting.  The  eyes  must  now  be  picked  out, 
and  the  entire  base  of  the  skull  removed,  together 
with  the  brain,  and  the  flesh  between  the  jaws.  If 
the  head  is  too  large  to  be  skinned  in  this  way,  an 
incision  must  be  made  under  the  throat,  which  can 
afterward  be  sewed.  The  skin  is  now  inside  out. 
Powder  with  arsenic,  or  soap  with  arsenic  soap,  turn 
it  right  side  out,  and  allow  it  to  become  perfectly 
dry.  Smooth  the  plumage,  set  the  bones  of  legs, 
and  wings  into  proper  position,  and  the  bird  is  ready 


How  to  Collect  and  Arrange  Minerals.         43 

for  stuffing.  A  pellet  of  cotton,  as  large  as  the 
bird's  eye,  should  be  passed  into  the  skin  and 
pressed  into  each  socket.  Over  this  adjust  the  eye- 
lids. Wrap  a  little  cotton  around  the  leg  bones  of 
large  birds.  Insert  a  cylinder  of  cotton,  rather 
smaller  than  the  neck,  into  the  neck.  Mould  the 
body-stuffing  into  a  mass,  rather  smaller  than  the 
bird's  body.  Bring  the  edges  of  the  skin  nicely  to- 
gether over  this,  and  the  stuffing  is  completed.  Fold 
the  wings  neatly,  adjust  the  head  and  neck,  bring 
the  feet  together,  and  press  the  bird  into  the  proper 
shape.  The  usual  fault  is  too  much  stuffing,  espec- 
ially between  the  shoulders.  For  mounting  spec- 
imens some  knowledge  of  comparative  anatomy  is 
desirable.  The  habits  of  each  bird  must  be  care- 
fully studied,  as  well  as  its  peculiar  manner  of  sit- 
ting, standing,  holding  the  head,  etc.  The  art  of 
taxidermy  should  be  carefully  studied,  from  such 
manuals  as  Swainson's,  Brown's,  or  Sylvester's.  Of 
the  other  two  we  cannot  speak  from  observation, 
but  Captain  Brown's  book,  published  at  $1.50,  by 
Putnam  &  Co.,  of  N.  Y.,  is  excellent  and  very  full. 
We  are  indebted  for  much  of  the  information  con- 
tained in  this  chapter  to  Professor  Stearns'  excellent 
"Bird  Life,"  and  to  the  kindness  of  the  Manhattan 
Chaper  of  the  A.  A. 


44  Hand-Book. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

HOW    TO     COLLECT    AND    ARRANGE    MINERALS. 

Few  directions  are  necessary.  Minerals  do  not  • 
have  to  be  pursued  over  brier  and  brake  as  butter- 
flies, nor  are  they  perishable  in  their  nature.  They 
have  not  to  be  pressed  nor  kept  in  alcohol.  You  will 
need  a  strong  geologist's  hammer,  a  sharp-pointed 
iron,  to  pry  crystals  from  the  rocks,  and  a  stout  bag 
to  carry  home  your  specimens.  For  the  analysis  of 
minerals  you  will  need  a  simple  blow-pipe,  a  small 
steel  hammer  and  anvil,  a  magnet,  a  knife,  a  pair  of 
platinum  forceps,  a  clay-pipe,  and  a  few  chemicals, 
all  of  which  are  described  in  Brush's  Determinative 
Mineralogy  and  Blow-pipe  Analysis.  Unless,  how- 
ever, you  have  a  competent  guide  at  your  elbow,  we 
do  not  advise  you  to  begin  your  studies  in  so  diffi- 
cult a  manner.  I  know  of  no  better  plan  than  to 
procure  from  Ginn  &  Heath,  W.  O.  Crosby's  little 
35  ct.  book,  "Common  Minerals  and  Rocks,"  with 
the  accompanying  set  of  labeled  specimens,  and 
make  yourself  master  of  both.  Fortunately  the 
number  of  distinct  types  of  common  minerals  is 
small,  and  one  may  easily  become  familiar  with 
them.  Your  specimens  should  be  carefully  labeled, 
either  by  numbers  referring  to  a  catalogue,  or  by 
cards  containing  the  name,  date,  locality,  etc.  Speci- 
mens of  minerals  will  not  bear  huddling  together 
Their  appearance  is  greatly  enhanced  by  placing 
each  by  itself  on  a  neat  block  of  wood  painted  white, 


What  to  do  in  Winter  and  in  the  City.          45 

or  papered.  In  making  a  collection  of  minerals,  as. 
in  all  other  departments,  bear  in  mind  Prof.  Agas- 
siz's  excellent  advice  to  the  effect  that  the  most 
valuable  work  a  society  can  do,  is  to  make  a  com- 
plete collection  and  thorough  study  of  the  specimens 
found  near  its  own  home.  Do  not  let  visions  of 
sparkling  crystals  or  gleaming  ores  from  distant 
states  blind  you  to  the  value  and  importance  of  the 
sand-stone  under  your  feet,  the  slate  on  your  roof, 
the  coal  in  your  cellar,  or  the  pebbles  by  the  brook,. 


46  Hand-Book. 


CHAPTER  X. 

WHAT    TO    DO    IX    WINTER    AND    IX    THE    CITY. 

No  questions  have  been  more  frequently  repeated. 
None  can  be  more  easily  answered. 

One  of  the  things  which  those  who  live  in  cities 
can  do,  is  to  make  drawings  of  snow-crystals  to  ex- 
change for  specimens  more  easily  found  in  the 
country.  Catch  the  crystals,  as  they  fall,  on  a  dark 
cloth.  Look  at  them  through  a  magnifying  glass, 
if  you  have  one,  and  draw  as  well  as  you  can  from 
memory. 

The  drawings  should  be  made  of  a  uniform  diam- 
eter of  half  an  inch.  Six  drawings  may  be  made 
nicely  on  a  card  as  large  as  a  postal  card.  For  con- 
venience in  exchanging,  we  all  may  make  them  of 
the  same  size  and  arrange  them  in  the  same  way, 
as  follows : 


SNOW   CRYSTALS.       DRAWN    BY   COR  WIN    LFNSON- 


What  to  do  in  Winter  and  in  the  City.         47 

To  have  these  crystal  pictures  valuable,  we  must 
notice  the  conditions  which  prevail  as  the  snowfalls. 
Look  at  the  thermometer  and  barometer,  and  note 
the  strength  of  the  wind,  as  well  as  the  date.  At- 
tention to  these  details  will  enable  us  to  decide 
whether  or  not  snow-crystals  vary  in  shape  with 
heat  and  cold  and  density  of  air,  etc. 

Another  thing  you  of  the  city  can  do,  is  to  sus- 
pend seeds  over  water  in  bottles,  and  study  ^he 
growth  of  different  plants  as  the  tiny  leaves  unroll. 
Make  neat  cases  also  for  insects,  or  minerals,  and 
exchange  them  for  specimens.  Collect  specimens 
of  veneers  from  cabinet  and  piano  shops,  and  pre- 
pare them  for  exchange.  Nearly  all  the  grains,  and 
nuts,  and  spices,  and  fabrics,  and  seeds,  and  barks, 
and  woods,  and  metals,  can  be  found  in  city  shops, 
and  for  these  you  can  readily  get  anything  you  may 
wish  from  the  country.  Again,  many  of  you  have 
books  or  pictures  on  subjects  of  natural  history 
which  are  old  to  you,  but  which  some  member  of 
the  Association  would  be  very  thankful  to  get. 
These,  also,  can  be  exchanged. 

Besides  these  things,  we  need  only  mention  birds'- 
nests  abandoned  in  leafless  trees,  cocoons  suspend- 
ed from  bushes  and  tucked  away  under  fence-rails, 
beetles  burrowing  in  old  stumps,  sections  of  wood 
and  bark,  cones  and  buds,  to  show  that  there  is 
plenty  of  out-door  work,  even  in  winter  ;  while,  in- 
doors, cabinets  are  to  be  built,  specimens  determ- 
ined, labeled,  and  arranged,  philosophical  experi- 
ments performed,  books  read,  letters  written,  ex- 
changes made. 

Many  of  our  members  capture  caterpillars  and 
other  insects  in  the  fall,  and  keep  them  during  the 


48  Hand-Book. 

winter,  watching  their  curious  habits,  and  wonderful 
transformations,  as  is  detailed  in  the  following 
bright  letter  : 

"DEAR  MR.  BALLABD:  I  have  been  reading  'Insect 
Lives.'  It  is  the  nicest  book  I  have  ever  read.  I  could 
read  a  whole  library  full  of  books  just  like  that.  I  am  get- 
ting on  famously  with  my  collection.  But  one  of  my  cater- 
pillars does  act  so  funny.  It  is  the  caterpillar  of  that  moth 
— the  'Polyphemus,'  is  it?  I  found  him  two  days  ago,  and 
put  him  in  my  box.  He  seemed  very  sluggish.  If  I  turned 
him  over,  he  would  very  slowly  turn  himself  over  back 
again;  but  I  thought  perhaps  he  was  going  to  change  his 
skin,  or  something  like  that.  The  next  afternoon  I  looked 
at  him,  and  there  were  hundreds  of  little  worms  coming 
out  of  holes  in  his  skin  (horrid  things !)  I  was  going  to 
burn  him  up,  but  decided  to  wait  and  see  what  would  come 
of  it.  The  next  morning  nearly  all  of  them  had  changed 
into  little  grayish-brown  cocoons,  and  tumbled  off,  leaving 
tiny  holes  in  his  skin,  and  now  he  is  twisting  about  like  a 
good  fellow.  ANNIE  BOSWORTH." 

The  sequel  to  this  tragedy  was  told  in  a  subse- 
quent letter  from  the  same  excellent  observer : 

"My  poor  worm  died  the  day  after  I  wrote  you,  and  a 
day  or  two  after  the  little  rice-houses  began  to  "open,  and 
hundreds  of  tiny  flies  came  out  from  them,  but  I  threw 
them  away  in  disgust." 


Exchanging.  49 

CHAPTER  XI. 

EXCHANGING. 

One  of  the  pleasantest  features  of  the  A.  A.  is  the 
exchange  of  specimens  between  members.  Sonje 
hints  may  be  helpful.  When  you  have  duplicates 
which  you  wish  to  exchange,  decide  as  nearly  as 
possible  what  you  wish  in  return.  Send  your  re- 
quest, tersely  written,  to  the  President.  It  will  ap- 
pear in  St.  Nicholas  in  either  two  or  three  months. 
The  magazine  is  printed  sometime  before  it  is  is- 
sued, so  that  you  must  send  any  notice  at  least  two 
months  before  you  wish  to  see  it  in  print.  In  pre- 
paring packages  for  the  mail,  be  sure  that  you  en- 
close the  specimens  in  a  box  sufficiently  strong  to 
withstand  the  frequent  concussions  or"  the  way,  and 
so  securely  wrapped  and  tied  that  it  shall  not  be- 
come undone.  About  one-third  of  the  packages 
received  here,  are  broken  on  the  way.  Minerals 
should  be  separately  wrapped  in  paper  or  cloth  be- 
fore being  put  into  the  box.  Eggs  may  safely  be 
sent  in  augur  holes  bored  in  little  blocks  of  wood. 
Flowers  and^ferns  should  be  carefully  pressed  be- 
tween strong  sides  of  paste-board.  Insects  should 
be  pinned  with  the  utmost  possible  strength  and 
care,  into  boxes  thoroughly  lined  with  cork,  very 
strong,  light,  and  doubly  wrapped.  Beetles  and 
bugs  may  be  sent  in  cotton,  like  eggs.  Always  pre- 
pay postage  in  full.  Enclose  no  writing  in  the  pack- 
age (except  the  labels  of  the  specimens;  which  are 
allowed)  but  never  neglect  to  accompany  the  pack- 


j<9  Hand-book. 

age  with  a  postal  card  or  letter,  describing  contents, 
stating  from  whom  it  comes,  and  rehearsing  what 
you  expect  to  receive  in  exchange.  It  is  often  ut- 
terly impossible  to  determine  the  sender  of  a  pack- 
age, or  to  know  what  to  send  in  return.  Tie  the 
parcel  strongly,  but  do  not  seal  it,  unless  you  wish 
to  pay  letter  postage.  One  or  two  fine  specimens 
are  always  more  acceptable  than  several  inferior 
ones.  No  propositions  for  exchange  can  be  noticed 
in  the  St.  Nicholas,  excepting  from  members  of  the 
"A.  A."  For  this,  among  other  reasons,  it  is  neces- 
sary for  us  to  keep  a  full  register  of  all  members, 
and  names  of  new  members  should  always  be  sent 
us  at  once. 

Finally,  we  cannot  consider  propositions  to  ex- 
change coins,  stamps,  autographs,  or  any  other  arti- 
cles, excepting  such  as  properly  come  under  the  head 
of  natural  objects,  or  such  as  have  scientific  value. 
Whenever  you  send  specimens  as  a  voluntary  con- 
tribution to  the  Lenox  A.  A.  Cabinet,  kindly  state 
that  you  require  no  specimens  in  exchange.  Your 
name  shall  be  attached  to  the  specimens  when  they 
are  placed  upon  our  shelves. 

When  you  write  to  a  sister  chapter  proposing  an 
exchange,  courtesy  requires  you  to  enclose  a  stamp 
for  reply.  Requests  of  this  nature  should  always 
be  promptly  answered.  Aim  to  give  rather  more 
than  you  receive.  A  grasping  spirit  of  trade  is  ut- 
terly foreign  to  the  nature  of  a  true  scientist. 


TJie  Badge. 


CHAPTER    XII. 

THE    BADGE. 

The  badge  of  the  A.  A.  is  a  Swiss 
Across,  of  gold  or  silver.  It  is  doubly 
•  appropriate,  because  Prof.  Louis  Agas- 
Isiz  was  born  in  Switzerland,  and  be- 
cause we  took  the  hint  for  our  organiz- 
ation  from  somewhat  similar  School 
Scientific  Societies  in  that  country.  The  number 
on  the  badge  changes  with  each  chapter,  and  is 
the  number  by  which  each  chapter  is  known  in  the 
general  organization.  We  are  fortunate  in  having 
secured  the  services  and  interest  of  one  of  the  most 
widely  known  badge,  medal,  and  jewel  manufac- 
turers in  the  U.  S.,  Mr.  W.  A.  Hayward,  202  Broad- 
way, N.  Y.  Badges  can  be  obtained  directly  from 
him  of  either  style  here  figured,  at  the  following 
very  low  prices  : 

No.  i   or  2,  solid  silver,  engraved,       $  .50 
solid  gold,  engraved,  2.00 

solid  gold,  enameled,  3.00 


No. 
No. 


No.  2 
No.  2 


solid  gold,  engraved, 
solid  gold,  enameled, 


3.00 
4.00 


We  specially  recommend  size 
No.  i,  in  enameled  gold.  If 
the  chapters  wish  anything  else 
in  Mr.  Hayward's  line,  he  will 
send  an  illustrated  design  by 
return  mail. 


Hand-Book. 


CHAPTER    XIII. 

REPORTS      FROM      CHAPTERS     AND      CORRESPONDING 

MEMBERS. 

Perhaps  the  actual  working  of  our  Society  cannot 
better  be  illustrated  than  by  giving  a  few  extracts 
from  the  thousands  of  letters  that  constantly  come 
to  us  from  our  friends  of  the  A.  A.  We  shall  select 
such  as  contain  practical  suggestions  for  work  ;  and 
the  first  shows  what  may  be  done  in  the  way  of  out- 
door excursions  : 

SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH. 

I  write  to  inform  you  of  the  organization  of  a  Chapter  of 
the  Agassiz  Association  in  Salt  Lake  City.  Several  of  us 
boys  have  been  more  or  less  interested  in  natural  history 
for  some  time,  and  when  we  read  about  the  A.  A.  in  St. 
Nicholas,  we  thought  that  it  was  just  what  we  wanted.  So 
on  Wednesday,  August  2d,  four  of  us  met  and  organized 
the  Chapter. 

We  have  already  taken  several  tramps  after  specimens. 
On  the  first  one  we  found  the  terminal  moraine  of  a  glacier, 
and  our  honorary  member  gave  us  a  long  description*  of 
glaciers — the  manner  of  their  formation  and  movements, 
and  the  way  in  which  moraines  are  formed.  Our  last  trip 
was  to  a  mining  district  situated  9300  feet  above  the  sea. 
It  lasted  five  days,  and  we  walked  sixty  miles,  and  found 
many  rare  Alpine  plants,  fossils,  minerals,  and  bugs. 

FRED.  E.  LEONARD,  Box  265. 

The  next  shows  how  Boards  of  Education  help  us: 

HYDE  PARK,  ILLINOIS. 

I  am  happy  to  inform  you  that  a  Xatural  History  Asso- 
ciation has  been  formed  In  our  high  school.     We  have  17 
members,  all  of  whom  are  very  enthusiastic  in  their  work. 
We  all  desire  to  connect  ourselves  with  the  A.  A.     We  had . 
a  cabinet  made,  which  cost  $25.00.     The  Board  of  Educa-" 


Reports  from  Chapters,  or-Y.  jj* 

tion  has  kindly  advanced  the  cost  of  this,  provided  we  leave 
our  collection  in  the  building.  They  also  allow  us  to  meet 
in  the  building.  We  have  an  entrance  fee  of  50c. ,  in  order 
that  none  but  "workers"  may  join.  We  are  very  careful 
about  electing  new  members.  Address 

W.  R.  GWYNN,  Box  237. 

Among  our  most  delightful  branches,  are  what 
we  call  "Family  Chapters,"  in  which  the  members 
of  one  family  unite  to  form  a  little  society  and  study 
together. 

FLUSHING,  L.  I. 

I  want  to  tell  you  how  much  we  enjoy  our  meetings. 
The  subject  of  the  last  meeting  was  Mistletoe,  and  here  is 
what  was  said  about  it.  Mamma  said,  "The botanical  name 
of  the  mistletoe  is  Vise  am  album.  In  olden  times  it  was 
thought  to  be  poisonous,  for  Shakespeare  speaks  of  the 
4  baleful  Mistletoe. '  The  Druids  used  it  in  religious  rites. 
It  is  a  parasite,  growing  chiefly  on  apple-trees."  Miss  Scott 
had  tasted  the  berry,  which  is  sweet  and  glutinous.  She 
painted  me  a  lovely  picture  of  mistletoe  and  holly.  In  the 
evenings  when  Papa  is  at  home,  we  have  music,  and,  if 
possible,  pieces  bearing  on  our  subject;  for  instance,  this 
evening  we  had  a  song  entitled  "The  Mistletoe  Bough." 
and  an  instrumental  piece,  the  "Mistletoe  Polka."  Mamma 
plays  on  the  violin,  and  I  on  the  organ  or  piano. 

From  your  friend,  F.  M.  H. 

There  is  no  limit  with  regard  to  age.  Little 
children  have  bright  eyes. 

THE  OAKS,  TIOGA  CENTER,  X.  Y. 
I  am  nine,  and  my  sister  is  five.     We  have  examined  a 
geranium-bug,  and  it  is  beautiful.     Its  body  is  green,  and 
it  has  six  legs  that  are  clear  like  crystal.     The  antenna?  are 
longer  than  the  insect,  and   are  sometimes  thrown  back- 
ward.    It  has  a  long  beak.     The  body  has  two  horns  at  the 
end.     The  eyes  are  reddish  brown,  with  tin}'  white  dots. 
ANGIE  LATTMER,  Sec. 


54  Hand-book. 

ST.  PAUL,  MINN..  Sept.  9,  1882. 

DEAR  MR.  BALLARD:  We  had  a  few  caterpillars,  but 
they  all  took  off  their  hair,  and  lay  down  in  it  and  died. 

FRANK  RAMALEY. 

Several  of  our  Chapters  publish  local  papers. 

MACOMB,  ILL. 

Progressing  nicely  We  meet  at  each  other's  houses 
every  Friday  ^afternoon  after  school.  Almost  all  of  us  have 
been  collecting  insects  during  the  summer.  We  have  a 
paper  read  every  two  weeks,  to  which  we  contribute  orig- 
inal articles  on  anything  pertaining  to  Natural  History. 
The  chapter  is  divided  into  two  parts,  and  each  part  edits 
the  paper  alternately.  We  cannot  understand  how  other 
chapters  have  so  nice  club-rooms  and  cabinets  and  micro- 
scopes, etc.  Where  do  they  get  their  money?  We  like 
the  A.  A.  I'crij  iiincJi.  NELLIE  H.  TFNMCLIFF. 

The  next  letter  shows  how  to  raise  money  when 
it  is  needed. 

BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 

Our  report  is  somewhat  tardy,  owing  to  an  entertainment 
given  for  our  microscope  fund.  We  realized  $8."),  which, 
with  the  amount  on  hand,  gives  us  about  $100  to  invest  in 
a  good  instrument.  Our  Chapter  has  increased  to  twenty- 
four  active  and  two  honorary  members.  Owing  to  the  late- 
ness of  the  season,  we  have  collectively  made  but  one 
excursion,  though  individually  we  have  not  been  idle. 

CORA  FREEMAN,  Cor.  Sec.  B.  Chapter  A.  A. 

The  girls  are  as  enthusiastic  workers  as  the  boys. 

We  are  pupils  of  the  Waco  Female  College,  Texas. 
About  four  years  ago  our  teacher  began  to  teach  us  to  love 
nature,  and,  to  keep  our  eyes  and  ears  open,  often  took  us 
to  the  woods.  Oh,  how  we  enjoyed  those  rambles!  Such 
rides  to  and  from  the  woods!  *We  soon  got  a  collection, 
and  determined  to  form  a  Natural  History  Society.  We 
were  deliberating  on  a  name  when,  to  our  great  joy,  your 
first  article  in  St.  Nicholas  was  read  to  us.  W'itha'few- 
vt.riations  we  forthwith  adopted  the  name,  constitution. 


Reports  from  Chapters,  &c.  55 

and  by-laws.  Since  then  we  have  varied  with  wind  and 
weather,  but  have  now  launched  upon  a  smooth-sailing  sea. 
We  have  twenty-six  members.  Some  of  our  prominent 
citizens  have  joined  us.  By  carefully  hoarding  our  dues 
of  admission,  etc.,  we  have  been  able  to  buy  a  fine  micro- 
scope, a  number  of  shells,  and  a  few  books  and  pictures. 
We  have  a  book  in  which  the  librarian  pastes  articles  and 
pictures  selected  by  some  one  member  every  week.  We 
have  another  into  which  the  Secretary  transcribes  the  papers 
read  by  the  members  before  the  Society,  and  also  articles 
of  interest  which  can  not  be  cut  from  valuable  books.  The 
President  always  appoints  one  member  to  ask  three  ques- 
tions to  be  answered  at  the  next  meeting.  The  correct 
answers  are  copied  into  our  manuscript  scrap-book.  We 
often  take  questions  from  the  St.  Nicholas.  Oh!  we  have 
so  much  to  say  to  you,  and  to  ask,  I  hardly  know  where  to 
begin  or  leave  off.  We  have  a  specimen  of  the  Texas  centi- 
pede for  exchange,  also  a  stinging  lizard  and  a  horned  frog. 
Miss  JENNIE  WISE,  Box  554,  Waco,  Texas. 

And  our  ranks  are  recruited  by  an  increasing 
number  of  adult  members,  who  are  particularly 
welcome. 

LAKE  CITY,  MINN.,  Oct.  19,  1882. 
MR.  H.  H.  BALLARD, 

DEAR  SIR:  I  have  been  deeply  interested  in  your  A.  A. 
for  some  time  back,  and  shall  gladly  become  one  of  you  in 
earnest.  Such  a  union  can  not  but  result  in  the  greatest 
benefit  to  our  young  people,  opening,  as  it  does,  Nature's 
book  to  many  of  them  with  its  inexhaustible  pages,  and  the 
release  from  care  in  after  years  that  their  perusal  will  give. 

If  I  remain  here  throughout  the  winter,  I  shall  endeavor 
to  bring  some  of  our  young  folks  together  as  a  nucleus  for 
a  new  Chapter.  I  can  start  them,  at  all  events. 

E.  A.  PATTON,  M.  D. 

When  a  wide-awake  teacher  takes  hold  of  the 
matter,  the  most  important  results  follow. 

About  six  months  ago,  Chapter  266,  A.  A.,  was  organ- 
ized in  connection  with  my  school.  We  have  succeeded 
wonderfully,  both  in  point  of  numbers  and  collections.  We 


56  Hand-book. 

now  number  thirty-three,  and  the  prospects  are  that  we 
shall  soon  have  as  many  more.  The  boys,  some  twenty  or 
more,  hare  over  five  hundred  specimens,  consisting  of 'fos- 
sils and  insects.  The  girls,  of  whom  we  have  lately  added 
a  dozen,  are  busily  engaged  in  gathering  leaves,  roots,  and 
seeds,  and,  when  they  make  a  report,  we  will  classifiy  them 
botanically.  The  whole  neighborhood  has  been  awakened 
by  the  enthusiasm  of  the  boys  and  girls.  All  this  work  is 
collateral ;  that  is,  no  part  of  school  time  is  taken  up.  The 
County  Superintendent  of  Schools  was  so  delighted  with 
the  idea,  that  he  has  earnestly  requested  me  to  bring  the 
matter  before  our  County  Institute,  the  third  week  in  De- 
cember. The  Institute  numbers  six  hundred  teachers,  and 
if  this  is  done,  the  A.  A.,  no  doubt,  will  spread  in  this 
county.  T.  G.  JONES,  St.  Clair,  Schuyl.  Co..  Pa. 

Another  marked  instance  is  that  of  Chapter  285. 
Greenfield,  Mass.,  as  shown  by  this  extract  from 
the  Springfield  Republican  : 

' '  Principal  Sanderson  started  a  good  deal  of  zeal  among 
the  high  school  pupils,  some  two  years  ago.  in  the  study  of 
natural  history,  and  as  a  result  the  natural  history  society 
was  organized.  The  work  began  in  a  small  way  in  the 
collection  of  birds,  plants,  and  minerals,  until  the  founda- 
tion has  been  laid  for  a  permanent  museum.  The  Society 
now  has  one  large  case  of  .stuffed  birds,  containing  150  well- 
preserved  specimens.  These  are  nostly  native  birds,  caught 
and  mounted  by  members  of  the  Society.  Several  in  this 
way  have  become  quite  expert  taxidermists.  The  Society 
belongs  to  the  Agassi/  Association,  and  by  exchanges  has 
added  to  some  of  Ihe  departments.  The  local  organization 
is  made  up  of  thirty-six  members,  who  were  "ambitious 
enough,  last  fall,  to  hire  of  the  town  the  old  brick  house 
near  the  high-school  building,  paying  a  rental  of  $150  a 
year.  ThestT  youthful  scientific  investigators  want  encour- 
agement from  the  citizens  at  large,  and  are  going  to  ask  the 
town,  at  its  annual  meeting,  to  contribute  the  rent  of  this 
building.  It  would  seem  that  the  voters  could  very  prop- 
erly encourage  the  young  people  in  this  way.  As  the  nat- 
ural history  rooms  are  located  close  to  the  high- school  . 
building,  it'  can  very  readily  be  made  a  beneficial  adjunct 


Reports  from  Chapters,  &c.  57 

to  the  public  schools.  Already  the  zoological  classes  have 
enjoyed  the  advantages  of  these  rooms  and  their  collec- 
tions." 

A  love  for  Nature  often  affects  the  whole  char- 
acter. 

But  the  best  of  all,  and  that  for  which  I  want  sincerely  to 
thank  the  "A.  A."  and  its  projector,  is  the  result  of  the 
work  in  one  particular  case.  As  a  teacher,  you  know  how 
difficult  it  is  to  do  just  the  best  thing  with  a  roguish,  care- 
less boy,  smart,  but  caring  little  for  study  and  with  little  or 
no  will  to  work.  Geology  last  year  and  chemistry  this, 
prepared  him  for  an  elementary  course  in  determinative 
mineralogy.  This  he  has  undertaken,  under  the  guise  of 
association  work,  and  to  this  we  largely  attribute  a  most 
wonderful  improvement  in  the  boy.  Spare  moments  are 
spent  in  the  laboratory  instead  of  in  mischief;  he  has  begged 
to  return  to  Latin,  which  he  had  dropped,  and  bids  fair  to 
stand  at  or  near  the  head  of  his  class  in  that  and  other 
studies.  Instead  of  lawless  lounging  at  recess,  he  is  quiet 
and  gentlemanly.  A  FRIEND. 

Boys  can  accomplish  excellent  results  by  them- 
selves. 

Another  eventful  year  has  passed,  and  left  "success" 
written  on  all  our  records.  During  the  year,  31  essays 
have  been  read,  and  21  regularly  announced  discussions 
have  been  successfully  held.  Our  roll  of  members  has  been 
increased  from  13  to  18.  In  our  library  are  68  bound 
volumes,  and  439  magazines.  Besides  these,  we  have  a 
scrap-book,  folio,  and  several  charts,  and  files  of  essays. 
We  have  a  balance  of  $64.83  to  our  credit. 

A.  NEHRBAS,  Sec.,  New  York,  B. 

Many  chapters  study  animals  alive. 

RACINE,  Wis. 

A.— We  intend  to  begin  collecting  plants  as  soon  as  the 
snow  is  oft  the  ground.  We  shall  also  make  a  collection  of 
the  skeletons  of  the  fish  we  catch  next  year.  We  have  a 
place  arranged  for  an  aviary,  also.  We  had  an  aquarium 
running  all  last  year.  JOHN  L.  McCALMAN,  Sec. 


j£  Hand-book. 

Valuable  libraries  and  reading  rooms  are  found- 
ed in  connection  with  the  A.  A. 

MONTREAL,  CANADA. 

We  have  a  splendid  cabinet,  6  feet  high,  3  feet  wide,  and 
2  feet  deep,  containing  forty-eight  drawers,  twenty-two  of 
which  are  allotted  to  the  entomological  section.  Nineteen 
of  these  are  already  filled  with  insects.  Our  library  promises 
to  become  a  great 'success.  We  are  trying  to  secure  a  room 
in  the.  St.  Antoine  School  for  a  museum  and  reading  room. 
We  have  had  two  very  successful  field-meetings,  on  one  of 
which  prizes  were  offered  for  the  best  collection  made  dur- 
ing the  day.  I  expect  to  see  the  Montreal  branch  of  the  A. 
A.  take  a  leading  position  among  the  scientific  institutions 
of  Canada.  One  of  our  most  successful  evenings  was  spent 
with  the  microscope.  W.  D.  SHAW. 

In  some  cases,  members  take  turns  in  giving 
lectures. 

We  have  given  a  parlor  concert.  C.  K.  Liuson  gave 
us  a  "  chalk  talk."  At  one  side  of  the  parlor  we  had  a  table 
with  some  specimens  on  it;  and  after  the  entertainment  we 
invited  our  friends  to  inspect  them.  We  have  now  money 
enough  to  get  a  cabinet.  We  have  decided  to  have  a  course 
of  lectures — one  delivered  by  each  member  on  his  chosen 
branch.  A.  ~D.  PHILLIPS,  Brooklyn,  E. 

I  append  a  few 


that  have  been  made  by  members  of  the  A.  A., 
partly  to  show  what  sort  of  work  is  being  done,  and 
partly  to  furnish  a  suggestion  to  new  members  of 
what  they  can  do.  These  notes,  as  well  as  the 
letters  from  chapters  and  friends  already  given,  are 
taken  almost  at  random  from  our  monthly  reports 
that  have  appeared  in  St.  Nicholas.  Those  wishing 
a  full  knowledge  of  our  work,  must  refer  to  the 
numbers  of  that  magazine  since  November,  1880. 


Reports  from  Chapters,  c^v.  Jp 

I  have  observed  with  great  interest  the  rise  and  pro- 
gress of  the  A.  A. ,  and  write  this  note  to  contribute  a  sug- 
gestion for  their  use.  One  of  the  most  desirable  modes  of 
research  would  be  to  raise  wild  plants  from  seed,  for  the 
purpose  of  ascertaining  the  limits  of  variation  in  certain 
groups.  Especially  interesting  for  this  inquiry  are  the 
Canadensis  section  of  Solidayo,  Vaccinium  Penmylmnicum, 
Aster  corynibosus  and  Ifvris,  and  Datura  Stramonium.  Let 
each  person  collect  the  seeds  of  a  single  plant  only,  which 
should  be  carefully  identified,  and  sow  and  cultivate  them 
till  maturity.  WM  H.  SEAMAN, 

Prof.  Chem.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Silk  worms — What  they  will  eat. — Not  being  able  to 
obtain  white  mulberry  leaves,  which  are,  I  believe,  the 
only  mulberry  leaves  on  which  the  Bonibyx  morivi\\\  thrive, 
I  fed  them  on  leaves  of  Osage-orange.  At  the  time  I  was 
raising  about  2000  larva?.  These  leaves  must  be  plucked 
sometime  before,  so  as  to  allow  them  to  wilt  before  giving 
them  to  the  worms.  This  rule  must  be  rigidly  observed.  I 
made  an  experiment  to  test  it.  I  placed  four  healthy  worms 
in  a  sieve  by  themselves,  and  fed  them  exclusively  on  fresh 
leaves.  They  grew  wonderfully,  and  reached  their  largest  " 
size  before  the  others;  but  as  soon  as  they  began  to  spin 
they  grew  sickly  and  weak,  and  after  forming  slight 
cocoons,  died  entangled  in  the  silk.  Most  of  those  fed  on 
wilted  leaves  spun  well.  If  the  question  were  simply, 
•'What  will  silk-worms  eat?"  I  might  answer,  with  a  good 
degree  of  accuracy,  that  they  will  eat  every  leaf  that  grows; 
but  as  I  know  you  desire  to  know  what  they  will  thrive  on, 
I  highly  recommend  Osage-orange. — A  Friend  of  the  A.  A. 

Flower x  under  a  handkerchief. — We  came  to  a  spot 
which  Dr.  Hammond  covered  with  his  handkerchief,  and 
we  guessed  how  many  kinds  of  plants  were  growing  under 
it.  There  were  ten:  a  violet,  a  dandelion,  an  aster,  a 
buttercup,  a  hepatica,  a  fern,  a  Mitchella  vine,  a  daisy,  a 
plantain,  a  veronica. — Emily  S.  Warren. 

Winter. — I  feel  as  keen  delight  in  the  approach  of 
winter  as  I  should  if  spring,  with  all  her  glories,  were  at  the 
gate.  For  me,  the  vast  white  carpet,  absolutely  without 
a  stain,  the  low-Ranging  sun,  and  the  trees  that  respond  to 


•do  Hand-book. 

the  winter  wind,  have  peculiar  charms. — Linwood  M. 
Howe.  Hallowell,  Me. 

Cow  Blackbird. — I  found  four  cow-birds'  eggs  in  a  nest 
with  one  egg  of  the  Wilson's  thrush.  Has  any  one  else 
found  so  many  in  one  nest  ? — X. 

Nfght-hawk  asleep. — Last  August,  I  saw,  about  seven 
o'clock  one  evening,  what  I  took  to  be  a  dead  bird  lying  on 
a  stone  wall  by  theT  road  -side.  It  was  half  lying,  half  lean- 
ing, against  a  stone.  I  clambered  up  the  bank  to  get  it, 
making  some  noise.  Just  as  I  put  out  my  hand  to  pick  it 
up.  with  a  great  flap  and  rush  by  my  face,  the  bird  soared 
up  into  the  air.  As  soon  as  it  opened  its  wings,  I  knew  it 
to  be  a  night-hawk  by  the  white  spots  on  the  under  side  of 
them,  and  by  the  peculiar  cry  it  uttered. — Wm.  Carter. 

Humming-bird*  learn  by  experience. — A  young  lady 
watched  some  humming-birds  taking  nectar  from  the 
flowers  of  our  abutilon.  The  full-grown  birds  pushed  their 
bills  in  between  the  calyx  and  corolla,  just  as  the  bees  I 
wrote  of  some  months  ago,  nipped  a  hole  in  the  petunias,  in 
order  to  get  more  easily  at  the  nectar.  But  the  most  curious 
thing  is,  that  the  young  birds  tried  to  take  their  drink  in 
the  ordinary  way.  by  going  inside  the  bell  of  the  flower, 
and  it  was  only  as  they  grew  in  wisdom  and  stature  that 
they  learned  from  their  parents  the  .  shorter  way.  The 
young  lady  is  quite  confident  that  the  smaller  birds  were 
not  of  a  different  kind,  but  the  young  of  the  larger 
birds.—  C. 

We  have  received  the  heartiest  sympathy  and 
help  from  a  large  number  of  distinguished  and 

GENEROUS    SCIENTISTS. 

I  shall  present  later  a  classified  list  of  these  gentle- 
men, but  I  cannot  forbear  giving  here  a  few  of  their 
kind  letters,  to  illustrate  the  utterly  unselfish  and 
philanthropic  spirit  that  animates  men  thoroughly 
devoted  to  Natural  Science. 

"I  have  watched,  with  more  interest  than  I  can  readily 
communicate,  the  genesis  and  developmenrof  the  A.  A.  In 


Reports  from  Chapters,  &c.  61 

answer  to  your  call  for  assistance,  I  shall  be  most  happy  to 
identify  minerals  and  the  commoner  forms  of  paleozoic 
fossils.  WM.  M.  BOWRON,  [F.  C.  S.] 

South  Pittsburg,  Tenn." 

"DEPARTMENT  OP  AGRICULTURE,  ) 

"DIVISION  OF  ENTOMOLOGY,  WASHINGTON,  D.  C.  \ 
' '  I  chanced  to  pick  up  a  number  of  St.  Nicholas  this  even- 
ing, and  learned  for  the  first  time  of  the  A.  A.,  and  saw 
evidences  of  its  good  work.  I  also  noticed  your  call  for  an 
entomologist ,  and  desire  to  offer  my  services.  Our  facilities 
here  for  identifying  species  in  the  great  group  of  insects  are 
exceptionally  good,  and  I  should  be  very  glad  if  I  could 
help  any  boy  or  girl  in  his  or  her  studies  in  that  direc- 
tion. LELAND  O.  HOWARD." 

"CORNELL  UNIV.,  ITHACA,  N,  Y.,  Jan.  20,  1883. 

"I  have  not  yet  outgrown  my  sympathy  for  the  younger 
people.  I  will  gladly  answer  their  questions  so  far  as  time 
will  p'ermit,  and  will  make  time  for  their  sakes,  even  when 
I  am  busy.  My  especial  department  is  certain  parts  of 
Phsenogamic  and  Cryptogamic  Botany;  among  other  things, 
the  grasses,  ferns,  and  mosses. 

' '  I  shall  always  be  delighted  to  serve  the  boys  and  girls, 
even  at  the  busiest  moments. 

WILLIAM  RUSSELL  DUDLEY." 

WATERVILLE,  MAINE,  March  20,  1883. 
' '  I  read  with  much  interest  the  account  of  the  Agassiz 
Association  in  last  St.  Nicholas.  It  is  a  work  that  has  my 
heartiest  sympathy,  and  I  would  like  it  to  have  also  what 
little  cooperation  I  may  be  able  to  render.  I  shall  be  happy 
to  answer  questions  relating  to  the  mineralogy  of  Maine. 

CHAS.  B.  WILSON, 
" Instructor  Nat.  Sc.,  Colby  University." 

"  If  your  correspondents  desire  the  names  of  any  ferns, 
grasses,  or  plants  in  general,  or  any  information  on  the  sub- 
ject of  botany,  I  shall  be  glad  to  answer  all  such,  or  at  least 
all  that  come  from  west  of  the  Mississippi.  I  realize  the 
value  of  such  work  as  you  are  doing. 

"MARCUS  E.  JONES,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 


&2  Hand-book. 

• '  ACADEMY  NATURAL  SCIENCE,  OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

"19th  and  Race  streets,  March  1,  1883. 
"Having  seen  your  call  in  St.  Nicliolfi*  of  this  month,  for 
assistance  in  answering  the  many  questions  brought  for- 
ward by  the  members  of  the  A.  A.,  I  take  pleasure  in  offer- 
ing my  aid.  My  specialties  are  entomology  and  conchology. 
With  earnest  desire  for  the  success  of  the  society, 

G.  HOWARD  PARKER. 

"MILWAUKEE,  Wis.,  March  30,  1884. 
"I  am  working  on  the  Jumping  Spiders  (Attidcp),  of  the 
world.     I  should  be  very  happy  to  determine   spiders  in 
this  group  from  any  locality,  for  members  of  the  A.  A. 

GEO.  W.  PECKHAM." 

"  I  should  be  glad  to  assist  the  A.  A.  in  any  matter  re- 
lating to  marine  zoology.  C.  F.  HOLDER. 

Am.  Museum  Xat.  Hist.. 
Central  Park  (77th  St.  and  8th  Are.).  X.  Y. 


These  gentlemen  and  the  others  who  have  thus 
freely  offered  their  aid  can  hardly  realize  how  great 
a  service  they  are  rendering.  Here  are  over  7000 
young  and  older  amateur  naturalists  belonging  to 
our  society,  most  of  whom,  living  in  remote  towns, 
have  few  opportunities  of  instruction  in  the  subjects 
of  their  choice.  They  are  now  placed  in  such  a 
position  that  they  can  go  on  with  their  observations 
without  leaving  home  ;  can  be  advised  as  to  the 
best  books  for  consultation  in  their  several  depart- 
ments ;  can  exchange  specimens  and  thoughts  with 
members  in  all  the  different  States  and  Territories  ; 
and  can  have  the  assistance  of  men  trained  in  spec- 
ial departments  of  science,  and  all  without  expense. 
May  not  the  A.  A.  be  the  means  of  solving  one  of 
the  most  perplexing  educational  questions  of  the . 
dav  ? 


Addresses  of  Specialists.  63 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

ADDRESSES    OF    SPECIALISTS. 

The  names  and  addresses  of  the  gentlemen  that 
have  volunteered  to  aid  us  by  answering  questions 
in  their  several  departments,  are  here  given,  and  any 
member  of  the  A.  A.  is  at  liberty  to  consult  them 
regarding  whatever  perplexity  he  may  meet  in  his 
branch  of  study,  special  heed  being  paid  to  the  con- 
ditions of  correspondence  added  below. 

BOTANY. 

I.    X.  E.  States  and  Canada Prof.  C.  H.  K.  Sanderson, 

Greenfield,  Mass. 

II.    Middle  States Dr.  Charles  Atwood. 

Moravia,  N.  Y. 

III.  Middle  States Prof.  W.  R.  Dudley, 

(Ferns,  sedges  and  grasses),  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

IV.  Middle  States Prof,  Edw.  L.  French, 

Wells  College,  Aurora.  N.  Y. 

V.    Southern  States Dr.  Chapman, 

Apalachicola,  Fla. 

VI.    Western  states  to  Colorado Dr.  Aug.  F.  Foerste, 

(Puff-balls  a  specialty),  Dayton,  O. 

VII.    Far  West  and  North-west Dr.  Marcus  E.  Jones, 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

; VIII.    In  General Prof.  W.  Trealease,  S.  B.. 

Univ.  Wis.,  Madison,  Wis. 

CONCHOLOGY. 

I.  Prof.  Bruce  Richards,  1726  N.  18th  st.,  Philadelphia.  Pa. 

II.  Mr.  Thomas  Morgan,  Somerville,  N.  J. 

III.  Mr.  H.  A.  Pilsbry,  Davenport,  Iowa. 

IV.  Prof.  C.  Howard  Parker,  688  Main  st.,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

AT.    Mr.  Harry  E.  Dore,  521  Clay  st.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.    (Pacific 
Mollusca). 

ENTOMOLOGY. 

I.    Prof.  G.  Howai-d  Parker  (address  above). 
II.    Prof,  C.  H.  Fernald,  State  College,  Orono,  Me.    (Lepidoptera). 
TIT.    Mr.  H.  L.  Fernald,  Orono,  Me.    (Hemiptera). 
IV.    Prof.  Leland  O.  Howard,  Dep.  Agriculture.  Entomological 
Div.,  Washington,  D.  C. 


6  4 


Hand-book. 


V.    Prof.  H.  Atwoqd,  Office  Germania  Life  Ins.  Co.,  Rochester,  X. 

Y.    (Parasites  and  micr(^<-njiic  infusoria). 
VI.    Dr.  Aug.  F.  Foerste,  Dayton,  O.    (Spiders}. 
VII.    Mr.  Fred  C.  Bowditch,  Tappan  st.,  Brookline,  Mass.     (Co- 

leoptera}. 
VIII.    Mr.  A.  W.  Putman-Cramer,  51  Douglass  st.,  Brooklyn,  X.  Y. 

(Macro-Lepidoptera). 

IX.    Prof.  J.  A.  Lintner  (State  Entomologist  >.  Xew  Capitol,  Al- 
bany, X.  Y. 

ETHNOLOGY. 

I.    Prof.  H.  T.  Cresson,  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  cor.  19th  and  Race  sts..  • 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

GEOLOGY. 

I.    Mr.  Wm.  H.  Briggs,  Columbia,  Cal. 
II.    Mr.  Jas.  C.  Lathrop.  134  Park  ave.,  Bridgeport,  Conn. 

III.  Mr.  W.  R.  Lighten.  Ottumwa,  Iowa. 

TV.    Prof.  Wm.  M.  Bowron,  South  Pittsburg.  Tenn. 
V.    Prof.  C.  R.  Vanhise,  M.  S.,  Univ.  Wis.,  Madison,  Wis. 

MINERALOGY. 

I.  Prof.  Wm.  R.  Bowron  (address  above). 

II.  Mr.  Jas.  C.  Lathrop  (address  above). 

Ill  Prof.  F.  W.  Staebner.  Westfield,  Mass. 

IV.  Mr.  Chas.  B.  Wilson,  Colby  University,  Waterville,  Me.     i  Min- 

eral* of  Mai  /"•  i  . 

V     Mr  David  Allan,  box  113.  Webster  Groves,  Missouri. 
VI.    Prof.  S.  F.  Peckham,  Bristol,  R.  I. 

OOLOGY. 

I.    D.  H.  Eaton,  Woburn.  Mass.,  Box  12:35. 
II.    F.  H.  Lattin,  Gaines,  X.  Y. 

ORNITHOLOGY. 

I.    Mr.  James  De  B.  Abbott,  Germantown,  Pa. 
II.    Mr.  Arthur  P.  Chadbourne,  21  Buckingham  st.,  Cambridge, 

Mass. 

i    in.    Prof.  S.  W.  Willard  (Wisconsin  Bird*},  West  De  Pere,  Wis. 
IV.    Prof.  C.  A.  Menefee,  Los  Gatos,  California. 

PHYSIOLOGY. 

I.    Chas.  Everett  Warren,  M.  D.,  51  Union  Park,  Boston,  Mass. 
II.    Wm.  M.  Bail*,  M.  D.,  Washington,  X.  J. 

ZOOLOGY. 

I.    Dr.  C.  F.  Holder,  American  Museum  Xat.  Hist..  Central  Park 

X.  Y.,  77th  st.  and  Eighth  ave.    (Marine  Life}. 
II.    Dr.  Aug.  Foerste,  Dayton,  O.    (Mammals). 
III.    Prof.  E.  A.  Birge,  Ph.D.,  Univ.  Wis.,  Madison,  Wis. 


Conditions  of  Correspondence.  65 

CONDITIONS    OF    CORRESPONDENCE. 

The  following  rules  must  be  strictly  regarded 
not  only  in  corresponding  with  the  gentlemen  just 
named,  but  also  in  addressing  the  President. 

i  st.  Enclose  in  each  letter  requiring  an  answer,  a 
stamped  and  self-addressed  envelope,  or  a  postal  card. 
( The  envelope  is  better,  as  we  frequently  wish  to  reply 
by  a  circular,  or  full  letter?) 

2d.  Do  not  write  for  assistance  until  you  have  tried 
your  best  to  succeed  without  it.  That  is  :  Do  not 
ask  lazy  questions.  Consult  the  index  of  this  book 
and  see  if  the  answer  cannot  be  found  within. 

3d.  Use  the  ordinary  size  and  style  of  writing 
paper,  and  write  only  on  one  side  of  the  leaf. 

4th.  Give  your  full  address  in  each  letter,  and  give 
P.  O.  Box  rather  than  street  and  number.  State  also 
the  number  of  the  Chapter  of  which  you  are  a  member. 

5th.  Do  not  waste  time  by  sending  letters  or  notices 
of  exchange  to  the  St.  Nicholas.  It  merely  causes  the 
editors  the  trouble  of  re- mailing  them  to  the  President. 


66  tfand-Book. 


CHAPTER  XV. 


BOOKS     RECOMMENDED. 


(The  Roman  numerals  refer  to  the  Publisher*'  aiM  )•?*&*  /-/;/>*  /„•/,,//•. 
Sot.**  >//«/•/•"/  •••  in*  Illustrated.) 

BIOLOGY. 

Huxley,  T.  H.     Physical  Basis  of  Life.     15c.  I. 

Magginley,  T.  C.     *Biology.     $1.25.  II. 

Stevenson,  S.  H.     *Boys  and  Girls  in  Biology.  $150.    III. 
Wythe,  J.  H.     Easy  Lessons  in  Vegetable 

Biology/  40c.  XXIV. 

BOTANY. 

Bailey.  W.  W. ' Collectors  Hand-book.     (Very 

valuable.)    $1.50.  XXX. 

Bessey,  C.  E.     Botany.  (One  of  the  latest  and  best.)   Till. 
Brown,  D.  T.     *Trees  of  America.     (Popular  and 

Sc.)    $5.50.  VI. 

Darwin.  Chas.     Insectivorous  Plants.     $2.00.  III. 
*Variations  of  Animals  and 

Plants.     $5.00.  III. 

Goodale.  G.  L.     *A  few  Common  Plants.     2oc.  IX. 
Gray,  A.     *Manual  of  Botany,  with  Lessons.     $3.00.     IV. 

*School  and  Field"  Botany.     $2.50.  IV. 
"        Structural  and  Systematic  Botany.  $3.50.    IV. 

Herrick  S.  B.     *Wonders  of  Plant  Life.     $L50.  II. 
Hervev,  Rev.  A.  B.     *Sea  Mosses.     A  complete 

Guide.     $2.00.  .    XXX. 

Hooker,  Sir  W.  J.  *Every  Known  Fern.     $11.00.  II. 

Hough,  F.  B.     Elements  of  Forestry.     $2.00.  V. 

Jones,  Marcus  E.     Ferns  of  the  West.     30c.  X. 

Pendleton,  E.  M.     Scientific  Agriculture,  $1.50.  VII. 
Underwood,  L.  M.,  Ph.  D.     *Our  Native  Ferns. 

$1.50. 

Willis,  O.  R.     Flora  of  New  Jersey.     $1.00. 

Wood,  A.     ^American  Botanist  and  Florist,    $2,50.  VII. 

*Class  Book  of  Botany.     $3.50.  VII. 

Wood,  H.  C.  *Fresh  Water  Algae  of  K  A.   $7.50.  II." 

Youmans.  E.  A.     *First  Book  of  Botany.     85c.  III. 


Books  Recommended.  67 

ENTOMOLOGY. 

Billiard,  J.  P.     "'Insect  Lives.     $1.00.  V. 

Conant,  H.  S.     *Butterfly  Hunters.     $1.50.  XI. 
Edwards.     Butterflies  of  N.  A.     1st  series,  $30.00. 

2d  series,  in  parts,  each  $2.50.  XII. 
Harris,  T.  W.     *Insects  Injurious  to  Vegetation. 

$4.00  and  $6.50.  XIV. 
Lubbock,  Sir  John.     *Ants,  Bees  and  Wasps.    $2.00.    III. 

Manton.     How  to  Catch  Insects.     50c.  XXII. 
Packard,  A.  S.  Jr.  *Guide  to  Study  of  Insects. 

$5.00.  VIII. 

Richmond,  G.  II.     Insect  Collecting.     lOc.  XV. 


Agassiz,  L.  Sketches.  2  yols.  Each  $2.50.  XII. 
Crosby,  W.  Common  Minerals  and  Rocks.  35c. 

(With  50  labeled  specimens,  $1.50.)  IX. 

Dana,  J.  D.  *Manual  of  Geology.  $5.00.  IV. 

Geological  Story,  briefly  told.  $1.50.  IV. 

Geikie,  A.  Geology.  50c.  III. 
Hovey,  H.  C.  *Celebrated  American  Caverns.  $2.00.  V. 

Huxley,  T.  H.  Geology.  50c.  III. 

Kingsley,  Chas.  Town  Geology.  15c.  I. 
Mantell,  G.  A.  Petrifactions  and  their  Teachings. 

$2.50.  XVIII. 
Shaler,  N.  S.  *Fossil  Branchiopods  of  tlie  Ohio. 

$2.50.  V. 

Tyndall,  J.  *Forms  of  Water.  15c.  I. 

Winchell,  Alex.  *  World  Life.  $2.50.  XVII. 
"  Sparks  from  a  Geologist's 

Hammer.  $2.00.  XVII. 
Winchell,  Alex.  *Geological  Excursions  (for 

young  learners).  XVII. 

MICROSCOPY. 

Davies,  T.     -Preparation  of  Objects.     $1.50.  II. 

Gosse,  P.  H.     '^Evenings  at  the  Microscope.     $1.50.       III. 

Phin,  J.     *Practical  Hints  on  Selection  and  use  of 

a  Microscope.     75c.  (abridged  80c.),  XIX. 

Wood,  J.  G.     Common  Objects.     400  illustra- 
tions.    50c.  XIX. 


68  Hand-book. 


MINERALOGY. 

Brush,  G.  J.  *Manual  of  Determinative  Mineralogy 

and  Blow-pipe  Analysis.     $3.00.  XX. 

Dana,  J.  D.  Manual  of  Mineralogy.  $1.50.  XXXII. 
Hyatt,  A.  Pebbles.  35c.  XI. 

NATURAL     HISTORY. 

Agassiz,  Mrs.     *First  Lesson  in  Nat.  Hist.     30c.  IX. , 

Agassiz,  L.     Methods  of  Study.     $1.50.  XI. 

Albertsen,  F.  *Four-footed  Lovers.     (For  children). 

$1.00.  XXII. 

Chadbourne,  P.  A.     Lectures.     7oc.  VII. 

Cecil's  *Natural  History.     85c.  XXI. 

Darwin,  C.     Vegetable  Mould  and  Earthworms. 

$1.50.  III. 

Harris,  A.  B.     *Door  Yard  Folks.     $1.00.  XXIII. 

Hinlon,  J.     *Life  in  Nature.     15c.  I. 

Hooker,  W.     *Child's  Book  of  Nature.     3  parts. 
No.  1,  60c. ;  2  and  3,  each  65c. ;  bound 

in  one,  $1.60.  VI. 

Huxley,  T.  H.     *Physiography.     An  introduction 
to  the  study  of  Nature.  (Very  valuable.) 

$2.50.  III. 

Ingersoll,  Ernest.     *Old  Ocean      $1.00.  XXIII. 

Kingsley.     ^Naturalists'  Assistant.     A  complete 

fide  to  the  care  of  the  cabinet.  XXXI. 

*A  Natural  History  Reader.     $1.25.  III. 

White,  G.     Selborne.     75c.  VI. 

ORNITHOLOGY. 

Austin.  *Taxidermy  without  a  Teacher.  50c.  XXII. 

Baird,  S.  F.  *Land" Birds  of  California.  $10.00.  XXV. 

Brown,  T.  ^Manual  of  Taxidermy.  $1.50.  II. 

Coues,  Elliott,  *Birds  of  the  Northwest.  $4.50.  XXXI. 
Coues,  Elliott.  *Key  to  North  American  Birds, 

including  "Field  Ornithology."  $10.00.  XXVI. 
Jasper,  T.  Birds  of  N.  A.  Col.  plates,  in  40 

parts  at  $1.00  each,  or  2  vols. ;  royal  4to. 

Half  morocco,  $50;  full  morocco,  $60.  V: 


Books  Recommended,  69 

Minot,  H.  D.     *Land  and   Game  Birds  of  K  E. 
The  birds,  their  nests,  eggs,  habits  and 

notes.     1  vol.     [An  excellent  book.]  XXVI. 

Stearns,  W.  A.  *Bird   Life ;  a  Manual  of   Orni- 
thology.    $5.00.  XXII. 

Willard,  S.  L.  *Manual  of  Oology.     $1.50.  XIII. 

ZOOLOGY. 

Buckland,  F.  T.  *Log-book  of  Zoologist.     $3.00.  XVIII. 

Buckley,  A.  B.     *Life  and  her  Children.     $1.50.  III. 

*  Winners  in  Life's  Race.     $1.50.  III. 

Butler,  H.  D.     Family  Aquarium.     75c.  I. 

Check-list  of  North  American  Shells.     25c.  XXVII. 

Darwin,  Chas.     Origin  of  Species.     $2.00.  III. 

*Descent  of  Man.     $3.00.  III. 

Emerton,  J.  H.     Structure  and  Habits  of  Spiders. 

$1.50.  XIII. 
Garman,  Samuel.  *Reptiles  and  Batrachians  of  N. 

A.     4to.  pp.  185,  9  pi.  paper.     $4.00.  V. 

Girard,  C.  *Fresh  Water  Fish  of  N.  A.     $1.50.  XXVII. 

Gosse,  P.  H.  *Romance  of  Nat.  Hist.  XVIII. 
Huxley,  T.  H.  *The  Crayfish.  An  introduction 

to  the  study  of  Zoology.     82m.     $1  75.  III. 
Huxley,  T.  H.     Origin  of  Species.     15c. 

Lectures  on  Evolution.     15c.  I. 

Hyatt,  A.  *Oyster,  Clam,  etc.     30c.  IX. 

*Hydroids,  Corals,  etc.     25c.  IX. 

*Sponges.     25c.  IX. 

Mivart.    The  Cat.     [For  advanced  students.]  XVI. 

Morse,  E.  S.  *First  book  of  Zoology.  ,  III. 
Mulertt,  Hugo.  *The  Goldfish  and  its  Culture. 

$1.00.  V. 

Steele,  J.  D.  *14  weeks  in  Zoology.  $1.50.  VII. 
Tenney,  S.  *Mauual  of  Zoology.  $3  and  $4  XXVIII. 
Wilson,  Andrew.  Ph.  D.  Facts  and  Fictions  of 

Z.     15c.  I. 

Wood,  J.  G.     *Homes  without  Hands.     $4.50.  VI. 

Woodward.     Manual  of  Mollusca.  XXVII. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Agassiz,  L.  *Journey  in  Brazil.  $3.00.  XII. 
Bright  well,  C.  L.  Lives  of  Labor.  $1.25. 


~o  Hand-Book. 

Gatty,  Mrs.  A.     *Parables  from  Nature.    Toe.  XXIX. 

Huxley.  T.  H.     Darwin  and  Humboldt.     15e.  I. 

Ingersoll,  Ernest.     *Friends  worth  Knowing.     $1.  VI. 

Manton.     Hand-book  for  Water  Drinkers.     50c.  XXII. 

Mudie,  R.     Observations  of  Nature.     Toe.  VI. 

Smiles,  Samuel.     ^Scotch  Naturalist.     $1.50.  VI. 

^Robert  Dick ;  Baker,  Geologist 

and  Botanist.     $1.50.  VI. 


The  Naturalist's  Directory :  containing  an  alphabetical  list 
of  nearly  all  the  Naturalists  of  the  U.  S.,  with  their 
specialties  and  addresses.  XIII. 

Herbarium— Ballard,  H.  H.,  and  Thayer,  S.  P.  For  the 
convenient  preservation  of  flowers,  ferns  and  leaves. 
$1  to  $3.50.  Contains  directions  for  collecting  and 
preserving  plants;  Blanks  for  an  Analytical  Record  of 
each  specimen,  pages  for  mounting  plants,  and  gummed 
paper  to  fasten  them.  20  per  cent,  discount  to  members  of 
the  A.  A.  Address  the  Author. 

PUBLISHERS'  ADDRESSES. 

I.  J.  Fitzgerald,  20  Lafayette  place,  N.  Y. 

II.  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  27  W.  23d  street,  N.  Y. 

III.  D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  1  Bond  street.  N.  Y. 

IV.  Ivison,    Blakeman,  Taylor  <fc  Co.,   138    Grand 

street,  Ne.w  York. 
V.     Robert   Clarke   &  Co.,  61  W.   4th  street, 

Cincinnati.  Ohio. 

VI.     Harper  &  Brothers,  Franklin  Square,  X.  Y. 
VII.     A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co.,  1  William  st.,  N.  Y. 
VIII.     Henry  Holt  &  Co.,  29  W.  23d  St.,  X.  Y. 
IX.     Ginn  &  Heath,  9  Tremont  PI.,  Boston.  Ma». 
X.     Dr.  Marcus  E.  Jones.  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
XI.     James  R.   Osgood  &  Co.,  211   Tremont   street. 

Boston,  Mass. 

XII.     Houghton,   Mifflin  &  Co..  4  Park  street, 
Boston,  Mass. 

XIII.  S.  E.  Cassincxtfc  Co.,  41  Arch  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

XIV.  Orange  Judd  Companv,  245  Broadway,  N.  Y." 
XV.     G.  H.  Richmond,  Northfield.  Vt. 


Publishers'  Addresses.  71 

XVI.  MacMillan  &  Co.,  112  4th  ave..  N.  Y. 

XVII.  S.  C.  Griggs  &  Co. ,  87  Wabash  ave. ,  Chicago,  111 . 

XVIII.  J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co.,  715  Market  street, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

XIX.  Industrial  Publication  Co.,  176  Broadway,  N.  Y. 

XX.  John  Wiley,  15  Astor  place,  New  York  city. 

XXI.  John  B.   Alden,  393  Pearl  street,  N.   Y. 

XXII.  Lee  &  Shepard,  47  Franklin  st.,  Boston.  Mass. 

XXIII.  D.  Lothrop  &  Co. ,  32  Franklin  st. ,  Boston.  Mass. 

XXIV.  Phillips  <fc  Hunt  (headquarters  of  C.  L.  S.  C., 

Pubs.),  805  Broadway,  New  York. 
XXV.     Little,  Brown  &  Co.,  254  Washington  street, 

Boston,  Mass. 

XXVI.     Estes  &.  Lauriat,  303  Washington  street,  Bos- 
ton, Mass. 

XXVII.     Smithsonian  Institute,  Washington,  D.  C. 
XXVIII.     Scribner  &  Welford,  745  Broadway,  New  York. 
XXIX.     Th.  Nelson  &  Son,  42  Bleecker  st,,  N.  Y. 
XXX.     E.  A.  Bates,  Salem,  Mass. 
XXXI.     Frank  H.  Lattin,  Gaines,  Orleans  Co.,  N.  Y. 
XXXII.     Henry  W.  Peck,  New  Haven,  Ct. 


As  some  may  be  bewildered  by  the  great  number 
of  books  here  named,  we  will  mention  a  few  that 
seem  to  us  especially  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the 
majority  of  the  members  of  the  A.  A. 

/;/  Botany,  if  we  could  have  only  one  book,  we 
would  take  Gray's  Manual  and  Lessons;  but  Prof. 
Wood  gives  fuller  descriptions,  and  his  "  Class-book 
of  Botany  "works  in"  very  conveniently  with  Gray's. 
Both  these  books  lead  rapidly  to  analysis  and  clas- 
sification. 

Youman's  Lessons  and  Bessey's  Botany  lead  rather 
to  personal  observation,  and  to  a  plan  of  study  more 
in  accord  with  modern  methods  in  Biology. 

"  Wonders  of  Plant  Life"  shows  many  of  the 
beauties  revealed  by  the  microscope,  and  is  fully  il- 
lustrated. 


72  Hand-Book. 

In  Entomology,  we  recommend  for  the  first  choice, 
"  Harris,  on  Insects  injurious  to  Vegetation,"  as  we 
know  of  no  better  general  work  on  insects;  Pack- 
ard's Guide,  perhaps,  comes  next,  and  in  some  re- 
spects, such  as  anatomical  detail,  is  much  fuller.  It 
is  not  quite  so  simple  for  the  tyro. 

Insect  Lives,  gives  the  life  history  of  many  of  our 
common  Lepidoptera,  with  hints  on  the  rearing  of 
larvae,  etc.,  and  has  proved  wonderfully  stimulating 
to  many  of  the  A.  A.  It  is  published  by  Robert 
Clarke  of  Cincinnati,  who  has  just  completed  the 
publication  of  Jasper's  magnificent  work  on  the 
Birds  of  North  America. 

Lubbock's  book  on  Ants,  is  a  fascinating  record 
of  the  observations  and  experiments  of  that  distin- 
guished naturalist. 

In  Geology,  Dana's  are  the  standard  text-books. 
Nothing  can  be  better  for  beginners,  however,  than 
Common  Minerals  and  Rocks,  with  the  accompany- 
ing set  of  specimens.  It  is  wonderfully  cheap. 

Every  one  should  read  at  least  one  of  Huxley's 
books,  and  with  whichever  he  begins,  he  is  pretty 
sure  to  get  the  others  afterward. 

Chas.  Kingsley's  "Town  Geology"  is  popular  and 
valuable,  and  as  it  can  be  gotten  for  15  cents,  being 
one  of  the  famous  "  Humboldt  Library,"  which  has 
done  so  much  to  make  science  popular  in  America, 
there  is  no  reason  why  ever}'  one  should  not  buy  it, 
as  an  experiment  if  nothing  more.  The  same  is 
doubly  true  of  Tyndall's  "  Forms  of  Water." 

Prof.   Winchell's   three   books,   from  the  elegant 
press  of  Griggs    &    Co.,  do  not  aim  at   systematic 
teaching;    they   are    not   text-books:  but    they  are  . 
thoroughly  interesting  and  instructive.     "  Geologi- 


Notes.  73 

cal  Excursion  is  charming,  and  we  confidently  rec- 
ommend them  all  for  every  Naturalist's  library. 

In  Natural  History,  there  is  nothing  for  the 
price,  to  compare  with  "Cecil's."  For  the  little 
folks,  Four-footed  Lovers;  Door-yard  Folks;  Old 
Ocean,  are  excellent,  while  for  those  a  little  older 
we  recommend  Hooker. 

Darwin's  book  on  Worms,  is  even  more  valuable 
as  illustrating  the  accurate  and  patent  methods  of 
work  that  made  its  author  the  greatest  Naturalist  of 
his  age,  than  for  the  wonderful  facts  it  narrates.  4 

If  only  one  book,  however,  can  be  chosen  from 
the  list,  and  you  are  too  old  for  Hooker,  try  Huxley. 
You  will  read  '  Selborne'  as  a  matter  of  course. 

In  Ornithology,  price  must  guide  you.  The  books 
are  all  excellent. 

In  ^Zoology,  for  a  general  manual,  get  Tenney;  for 
pleasant  reading,  Wood;  for  guide  to  methods  of 
scientific  work,  Mivart,  Huxley,  or  Hyatt.  The 
special  works  speak  for  themselves. 

Among  the  miscellaneous  books,  you  would  de- 
rive most  pleasure  and  lasting  benefit  from  "  Para- 
bles from  Nature."  Mr.  Smiles'  books  illustrate  his 
favorite  subject,  *  Self-help,'  and  show  how  much 
young  people  can  accomplish  alone,  if  they  will. 

It  will  be  noted  that  Appleton  &  Co.  publish 
books  whose  prices  average  about  $2  or  $3.  They 
are  beautifully  printed  and  bound,  and  it  pays  to 
get  them. 

Ginn  &  Heath  have  done  the  public  a  great  ser- 
vice by  their  elegant  series  of  cheap  books.  These 
are  cheap  only  in  price,  for  they  are  thoroughly  well 
printed,  on  excellent  paper,  and  richly  illustrated. 


74  Hand- Book. 

They  are  small,  and  in  heavy  paper  covers.  You 
can  well  afford  the  entire  series. 

Fitzgerald  &  Co.  bring  the  choicest  works  of  the 
greatest  thinkers  of  Europe,  within  reach  of  the 
poorest  boy  among  us.  Every  chapter  of  the  A.  A. 
should  get  the  catalogue  of  the  Humboldt  Library, 
and  keep  it  for  reference.  We  advise  you  to  buy 
finely  bound  books,  it  you  can  afford  it,  but  if  you 
cannot,  you  will  rejoice  at  this  opportunity  of  get- 
ting them  in  paper. 

If  any  of  you  wish  to  take  regular  courses  of 
study  together,  you  will  do  well  to  write  to  A.  S. 
Barnes  &  Co.,  and  get  some  of  Prof.  Steele's  "  14 
weeks"  series.  This  includes, besides  the  '-Zoology,' 
"14  weeks  in  Geology,  Physiology,  Botany,  Chem- 
istry, Astronomy,  and  Physics." 

Whenever  you  w-rite  to  any  of  these  firms  for 
books*  you  should  state  that  you  are  a  member  of 
the  Agassiz  Association. 

Doubtless  very  many  books  have  been  omitted 
from  our  list  that  would  have  been  included,  had 
they  been  brought  to  our  knowledge,  and  we  shall 
esteem  it  a  favor  if  our  friends  will,  from  time  to 
time,  send  us  the  names,  prices,  and  Publishers'  ad- 
dresses of  such  books  as  may  seem  to  them  specially 
worthy  of  recommendation. 

MAGAZINES    AND    PAPKRS. 

The  Auk,  is  a  quarterly  journal  of  Ornithology, 
published  at  $3.00  a  year  by  Estes  &  Lauriat,  Bos- 
ton, Mass.  Mr.  J.  A.  Allen  and  Dr.  Elliot  Coues, 
are  on  the  editorial  staff.  Each  number  contains 
about  100  pages,  and,  occasionally,  colored  plates. 


Magazines  and  Papers.  75 

The  American  Naturalist,  is  a  monthly  devoted 
to  the  Natural  Sciences  in  their  widest  sense.  It  is 
published  by  McCalla  &  Stavely,  257  Dock  Street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  at  $4.  It  is  rather  scientific  than 
popular,  but  not  so  technical  as  to  be  '  hard  read- 
ing,' and  numbers  among  its  contributors  many  of 
our  most  distinguished  naturalists. 

The  Ornithologist  and  Oologist,  is  published  month- 
ly, at  $i  per  year,  by  Frank  B.  Webster,  Pawtucket, 
R.  I.  It  is  well  illustrated,  wide  awake,  and  not 
beyond  the  comprehension  of  our  young  bird-lovers 
and  egg-hunters. 

Science  Record,  S.  E.  Cassino  c^  Co.,  41  Arch 
Street,  Boston,  Mass.,  is  a  monthly  journal  of  Notes 
and  News  in  all  departments  of  Science.  It  costs 
only  a  dollar  a  year,  is  illustrated,  handsomely  print- 
ed, and  popular. 

The  Microscopical  Bulletin,  is  a  valuable  little  bi- 
monthly paper,  published  at  25  cents  a  year,  by 
James  W.  Queen  &  Co.,  924  Chestnut.  Street,  Phil- 
adelphia. ["  Bi-monthly"  means  once  in  two  months, 
not  twice  in  one  month.] 

Science.  Science  Co.,  Cambridge,  Mass.  $5.00. 
Best  adapted  to  the  wants  of  professional  Scientists, 
it  contains  also  many  articles  of  general  interest, 
popularly  written.  It  is  a  weekly  illustrated  maga- 
zine. 

Nature.  A  weekly  illustrated  journal  of  Science. 
MacMillan  &:  Co.,  Publishers,  112  4th  Avenue,  N. 
Y.  This  is  an  English  journal,  and  corresponds  in 
its  leading  features  to  "Science."  It  is  perhaps  not 
quite  so  technical,  and  the  price  is  $6  per  annum. 
"Nature,"  A  Science,"  and  "The  American  Natu- 


J6  Hand-Book. 

ralist,"  stand  in  the  front  rank  of  Scientific  period- 
icals. 

Popular  Science  News,  is  a  §i  monthly,  published 
by  the  Popular  Science  News  Co.,  at  19  Pearl-st, 
Boston,  Mass.  ''The  end  and  aim  of  'Science 
News,'  is  to  furnish  a  cheap  journal  of  reliable  sci- 
entific information."  It  is  illustrated,  and  good. 
Dr.  Nichol's  new  book,  "Whence,  What,  Where?" 
is  given  as  a  premium  to  each  new  subscriber. 

Forest  and  Stream,  published  weekly  at  $4.00  a 
year,  "  is  the  recognized  medium  of  entertainment, 
instruction,  and  information  between  American 
Sportsmen."  It  is  a  very  large  paper,  and  among  its 
regular  departments  are  "Natural  History,"  "  Sea 
and  River  Fishing,"  "The  Kennel,"  "Rifle  Shoot- 
ing," and  "Canoeing."  39  Park  Row,  N.  Y.  City. 

Bulletin  of  Massachusetts  Natural  History,  is  a 
monthly  journal  edited  and  published  at  Amherst, 
Mass.,  by  Prof.  W.  A.  Stearns,  author  of  "Bird- 
life,"  the  popular  manual  of  Ornithology.  It  is  spe- 
cially devoted  to  the  Natural  History  of  Massachu- 
setts, but  contains  much  of  general  interest.  It 
costs  only  $i  a  year. 

The  Kansas  City  Review  of  Science  and  Industry. 
""This  is  a  strictly  popular  magazine,  perhaps  better 
adapted  to  family  reading  than  any  other  scientific 
journal  in  the  country."  It  comprises  original  arti- 
cles by  the  best  writers,  and  selections  from  the  best 
periodicals  of  this  country  and  Europe,  upon  Geol- 
ogy, Mining,  Archaeology,  Meteorology,  Biography, 
etc.  Monthly,  64  pp.  octavo,  $2.50  per  year.  Clubs 
of  four  or  more  allowed  a  discount  of  25  per  cent. 
Theodore  S.  Case,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

The  Naturalist's  Journal,  a  monthly,  for  50  cents 


Magazines  and  Papers.  77- 

a  year,  is  published  by  Mr.  R.  T.  Taylor,  Frankford, 
Pa.  It  is  an  admirable  paper,  and  represents  the  local 
interests  of  the  A.  A. 

The  Young  Naturalist,  a  50  cent  monthly,  is  pub- 
lished by  another  of  our  enterprising  members,  in 
Galesburgh,  111!  The  Editor,  Mr.  C.  F.  Gettemy, 
modestly  disclaims  attempting  to  represent  the  A.  A., 
but  his  paper  is,  after  all,  a  good  representative  of 
the  energy  and  enthusiasm  of  our  Illinois  Chapters. 

The  Amateur  Naturalist,  is  published  monthly, 
for  30  cents  a  year,  by  still  another  of  our  young 
friends,  Mr.  Elliston  J.  Perot,  5103  Main  Street, 
Germantown,  Pa.  It  is  an  excellent  paper,  and  has 
our  best  wishes. 

The  Young  Oologist,  is  published  by  Mr.  Frank 
H.  Lattin,  Gaines,  Orleans  Co.,  N.  Y.  It  is  a 
bright  paper,  which  gives  in  popular  language,  a 
great  amount  of  useful  information  about  bird's- 
eggs,  nests,  and  collecting. 

The  Young  Scientist,  published  at  $i  per  year,  by 
the  Industrial  Publishing  Co.,  294  Broadway,  N.  Y., 
contains  among  other  things  an  exchange  column, 
and  a  column  of  notes  and  queries. 

Random  Notes  is  a  bright  little  paper  published 
by  Southwick  &  Jencks,  Providence,  R.  I.  See  next 
chapter. 

ST.  NICHOLAS,  Union  Square,  N.  Y.  $3  a  year. 
This  is  the  leading  Magazine  for  young  people.  It 
is  replete  with  stories  by  the  best  authors,  and  pic- 
tures by  the  best  artists.  It  is  the  "  Official  Organ" 
of  the  Agassiz  Association. 


-   78  Hand- Book. 

CHAPTER  XVI. 

WHERE    TO    GET    SUPPLIES. 

In  response  to  often  repeated  inquiries,  we  pre- 
sent a  directory  of  leading  and  reliable  dealers  in 
everything  a  Naturalist  can  need.  In  ordering  sup- 
plies, state  that  you  are  a  member  of  the  A.  A. 

All  Naturalists  Supplies,  including  books  and 
specimens,  can  be  ordered  of  Prof.  A.  E.  Foote, 
1223  Belmont  Ave.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  He  has  a 
large  and  valuable  collection  of  Natural  objects,  ac- 
curately labeled.  Prof.  Foote  is  very  courteous, 
and  treats  young  members  of  the  A.  A.  as  patiently 
and  generously  as  men  that  send  him  thousand  dol- 
lar orders.  Since  our  first  edition,  we  have  heard 
good  words  of  Prof.  F.  from  many  members.  His 
set  of  100  minerals  for  $i,  is  a  wonder  of  excellence 
and  cheapness. 

Chemicals  and  Chemical  Apparatus.  Many  of  our 
members  are  especially  interested  in  Chemistry. 
They  will  be  glad  to  know  that  Bullock  <S:  Crenshaw, 
528  Arch  Street,  Philadelphia,  are  manufacturers 
and  importers  of  both  the  chemicals  and  the  appa- 
ratus, suitable  for  Analytical,  Technical  and  Exper- 
imental use.  You  can  get  a  descriptive  priced  cat- 
alogue free  on  application. 

Microscopes  and  Accessories.  Perhaps  we  have 
had  more  queries  about  microscopes  than  any  other 
one  thing.  As  you  can  get  a  microscope  at  almost 
any  price  from  30  cents  to  $1650.00,  you  should 
send  10  cents  to  W.  H.  Walmsley  &  Co.,  1016  Chest-  . 
nut  Street,  Phila.,  and  get  their  illustrated  catalogue. 


Where  to  get  Supplies.  79 

part  first.  Then  with  the  advice  of  that  firm,  you 
can  select  just  what  you  want. 

After  you  get  your  Microscope,  you  can  find 
nothing  so  good  or  so  cheap  to  keep  your  slides  in 
as  what  is  called  "  Pillsbury's  Cabinet."  It  consists 
of  a  finely  polished  cherry  cabinet,  containing  twenty 
boxes,  grooved  on  the  insides  to  receive  twenty-five 
slides  each,  and  provided  with  a  lock.  One  of  these 
cabinets  holding  250  slides,  can  be  gotten  for  only 
$2,50,  from  Mi-lton  Bradley  &  Co.,  Springfield,  Mass. 
Send  for  their  illustrated  circular. 

Our  young  ornithologists  want  good  shot-guns. 
The  Parker  Top-Action,  breech-loader,  has  been 
recommended  to  us  by  one  who  ought  to  know,  as 
one  of  the  very  best.  At  the  International  Gun 
Trials,  held  at  Bergen  Point,  N.  J,,  April  3,  1884, 
"  It  won  the  admiration  of  all  by  its  fine  shooting 
qualities.  Parker  Brothers,  Makers,  Meriden,  Conn. 

Taxidermy  and  Entomological  and  Oological  Sup- 
plies. After  you  have  your  birds,  you  may  want 
them  mounted;  and  after  you  have' your  insects,  you 
need  to  pin  them  into  cases.  Ellis  &  Webster,  Paw- 
tucket,  R.  I., are  reliable  dealers,  and  will  either  pre- 
pare your  specimens  for  you,  or  put  you  in  the  way 
of  doing  it  yourself.  Send  for  their  catalogue. 

Southwick  6°  Jencks  keep  an  excellent  Natural 
History  store  in  Providence,  R.  I.  Birdskins,  eggs, 
minerals,  shells,  supplies  for  Ornithologists,  Taxider- 
mists, Oologists  and  Botanists,  including  publica- 
tions. Send  for  specimen  number  of  their  monthly, 
"  Random  Notes  on  Natural  History,"  at  50  cents 
per  year,  and  for  circulars  of  catalogues. 

Philosophical  Apparatus,  such  as  Electrical  ma- 
chines, Air-pumps,  Magnets,  Magic  Lanterns,  etc., 


8o  Hand-Book. 

Chemical  apparatus  of  all  sorts,  and  sets  of  Geo- 
logical instruments  for  analysis,  may  be  gotten  of 
the  best  quality  from  J.  &  H.  Berge,  191  Greenwich 
Street,  New  York  City.  Send  for  catalogue. 

Frank  H.  Lattin,  Gaines,  Orleans  Co.,  New  York, 
is  a  young  man  who,  by  his  unaided  efforts,  has 
built  up  a  large  and  increasing  trade  in  Birds'  Eggs, 
Shells,  Minerals,  Scientific  books,  and  Naturalists  * 
supplies  in  general.  His  prices  for  eggs  seem  to  be 
lower  than  any  we  have  seen.  Price-lists  and  circu- 
lars sent  on  application. 

The  Young  Scientists,  is  the  name  of  a  firm  of 
which  Mr.  C.  F.  Gettemy,  one  of  our  A.  A.  mem- 
bers, is  an  officer.  They  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  Taxidermists'  and  Naturalists'  supplies.  Ad- 
dress: Galesburg,  Illinois. 

For  Entomological  Supplies,  address  the  Natural- 
ists' Supply  Co.,  Box  469,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  They 
carry  a  large  stock  of  Nets,  Pins,  Cork,  Setting- 
blocks,  Killing-jars,  and  everything  pertaining  to 
Entomology.  Also  a  full  line  of  Egg-drills,  Blow- 
pipes, and  Ornithological  supplies.  Price  lists  may 
be  had  on  application. 

Printing.  Every  Naturalist  finds  it  convenient 
now  and  then,  to  have  a  little  printing  done.  It  may 
be  only  labels  for  his  specimens,  or  exchange  lists 
of  his  duplicates;  or  he  may  wish  to  print  a  mono- 
graph on  some  subject  of  investigation,  or  perhaps 
he  has  written  a  book.  Chapters  of  A.  A.  often 
wish  to  see  their  By-laws,  etc.,  in  type.  To  all  such 
we  recommend  as  thoroughly  reliable,  the  printers 
of  this  Hand-book,  The  Sun  Printing  Company, 
Pittsfield,  Mass. 


Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters. 


81 


CHAPTER  XVII. 


ALPHABETICAL     LIST    OF     CHAPTERS     CLASSIFIED    BY 
STATES. 

[In  the  middle  column,  the  first  figures  show  the  number  of  active, 
and  the  following  figures,  of  honorary  members.  Under  these  figures, 
the  initials  show  the  special  departments  of  study.  The  abbrevia- 
tions are— 


A. — Anatomy. 
B.— Botany. 
Bi.— Biology. 
C.— Conchology. 


Ch.— Chemistry. 
E. — Entomology. 
G.— Geology. 
M . — Mineralogy. 
Z.— Zoology. 


Mic.  — Microscopy. 
Or.— Ornithology. 
O.— Oology. 
Phys. —Physiology. 


The  P  esident's  name  is  above  the  Secretai-y's.    When  only  one  is 
given  it  is  usually  that  of  the  Secretary.] 

CALIFORNIA. 

No.  of       Name  and 
Chap.         Address. 

621.  Garden  Grove,  A. 

608.  Los  Gatos,  A. 

Santa  Clara  Co.  E.M.Or. 
131.  Nevada  City,  A. 
41.  Oakland,  A~ 

1305  Broadway '. 
102.  Oakland,  B. 
421.  Petaluma,  A. 

179.  Sacramento,  A. 

166.  St.  Helena,  A. 
Napa  City. 
49.  San  Francisco,  B. 

1626  Tark  st.  Miss  M.  T.  Vandenburgh. 

296.  San  Francisco,  D.  8     Sewall  Dolliver. 

Miss  Bertha  L.  Rowell. 


No.  of 
Mem. 

Pres.  and  Sec. 

3-1 
E. 

Mrs.  M.  E.  Head. 
Horace  C.  Head. 

I.M.Or. 

Geo.  Francis. 
E.  L.  Menefee. 

20 

Miss  Maude  Smith. 

7 
5 

Henry  C.  Converse. 
Geo.  S.  Meredith. 

12-1 

15-5 
B.,  E. 

Jonathan  Green. 
Miss  Cora  Derby. 
Newton  Tyburn. 
Chas.  Mier. 

6 
B.,  G. 
5 

P.  S.  King. 
Mrs.  E.  H.  King, 

Hand-Book. 


No.  of       Name  and 
Chap.         Address. 

No  of 
Mem. 

Pres.  and  Sec. 

321. 

San  Francisco,  E. 

6 

Augustus  B.  Tavlor. 

1330  Suiter  *t. 

Win.  F.  Breeze. 

333. 

San  Francisco,  F. 

12 

Miss  Estelle  Miller. 

1416  GktcTwnento 

st.  Phys. 

Mi<s  Bertha  L.  Rowell. 

527. 

San  Francisco,  G. 

'  6 

633  7>//r  *f. 

Norman  Sinclair. 

335. 

San  Jose,  A. 

8 

F.  R.  Gamier,  Ifo*  isl. 

59. 

Santa  Cruz.  A. 

2 

Mi-  C.  W.  Baldwin. 

B. 

564. 

Santa  Rosa,  A. 

6-1 

Louis  M.  Kin*:-. 

LockborW.     E.Mic.M. 

Wilbur  M.  Swett. 

318. 

Sweetland,  A. 

7 

>Iiss  K.  M.  Fowler. 

COLORADO. 

584. 

Col.  Springs.  A. 

4 

E.  B.  McMorris.—  B. 

122. 

Denver.  A. 

6 

476  Cl.'mi'.'  •- 

,7. 

Miss  Cora  Moore. 

262. 

Denver.  B. 

4 

Mrs.  E.  M.  Roberts. 

fax  2272. 

Ernest  L.  Roberts. 

413. 

Denver,  C. 

7-2 

W.  J.  Denchfield. 

Hoyt<k  Drl<i  n'>*t*. 

E.O.Or. 

H.  G.  Smith,  Jr. 

425. 

Greely,  A. 

7 

Louis  L.  Haynes. 

311. 

San  Juan,  A. 

5 

Mrs.  L.  J.  Brewster. 

CONNECTICUT. 

624. 

Abington.  A. 

13 

Miss  Marv  R.  Allen. 

Z. 

Miss  J.  E.  L.  Dennis. 

61  s. 

Central  Village.  A 

40-4 

X.  W.  Sanborn,  M.  D. 

Mi-s  Minnie  French. 

100. 

Hartford,  B. 

25-1 

Miss  Annie  K.  Bunce. 

55   Pi:,*i><''-t  */. 

E.,  Or. 

Francis  Parsons. 

274. 

Hartford,  D. 

5 

C.  H.  Dav. 

2  F<ir,i>''i'f/t<>i,  ,11 

E. 

W.  R.   Rbyce. 

40S. 

Hartford.  E. 

12 

11J4  F.tnutHttt, 

•  n  */'•. 

W.  H.  St.  John. 

64:1. 

Higffannm.  A. 

5 

Mrs.  Walter  K  Gay. 

E 

..  ()..  M. 

Miss  Estella  E.  Clark. 

Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters. 


No.  of       Name  and 
Chap.        Address. 

354.  Litchfield,  A. 
101.  Middletown,  A. 

Box  1414. 
462.  New  Haven,  A. 

Skinner  ScJiool. 
171.  New  London,  A. 


No.  of 
Mem. 


Pres.  and  Sec. 
4    L.  B.  Woodruff. 
10-8    John  A.  Dodd. 

Lewis  G.  Westgate. 
13-11     H.  R.  Northrup. 
E.  M.     J.  H.  Haydon. 
8-7    W.  D.  Young. 
R.  L.  Crump" 
616.  Norwich,  A.  22-1     A.  N.  Burke. 

Box  1086.      B.  O.  Or.  Z.     A.  L.  Aiken. 
237.  Plantsville,  A.  7    H.  C.  Shepard. 

257.  Plantsville,  B.  9-2    G.  M.  Smith. 

E.  B.  Or.     C.  H.  Banning. 

165.  Plymouth,  A.  4-4    Joseph  Langdon. 

O.  Or.     W.  G.  Talmadge. 

590.  Pomfret  Centre,  A.  4    Miss  Emily  S.  Warren. 

B.  E.     Mrs.  S.  O.  Marsh. 
7     Rev.  A.  P.  Chapman. 

H.  W.  Chapman. 
16-12    Willard  Baker. 
B.  E.  M.     Miss  C.  S.  Roberts. 
268.  Thompsonville,  A.  32    Miss  Alice  Briscoe. 


Box-  11. 
637.  Putnam.  A. 


522.  Sharon.  A. 


325.  Torrington,  A. 
123.  Waterbury,  A. 

Lock  box  756. 
415.  Waterbury,   C. 

52  Grove  St. 


Or.  M. 


6    J.  F.  Alldis. 

2    Edward  Lampson. 

Herbert  N.  Johnson . 
2    W.  C.  Carter. 


DISTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA. 

109.  Washington,  C.  17-6  G.  F.  Weld. 

1600  13th  st. ,  N.  W.  A. B. E.  Ch.  Alonzo  H.  Stewart. 

460.  Washington.  D.  7  Vernon  Dorsey. 

3038  Pst.,  W.  M.  Z.  F.  A.  Reynolds. 

275.   Washington,  E.  4  G.  Wilson  Beatty 

204  4th  *t.,  S.  E.  E.  Alonzo  H.  Stewart. 

448.  Washington,  G.  18-3 

1727  Fst..  N.  W.  B.  E.  M.  Miss  Isabelle  McFarland. 


Hand-book. 


No.  of 
Chap. 


Name  and 
Address. 


No.  of 
Mem. 


Pres.  and  Sec. 


400.  Fargo,  A. 


DAKOTA   TERRITORY. 

14-1     Nath.  Stephenson. 
E.     Frank  Brown. 

DELAWARE. 

J.  H.  Rollo. 


152.  Wilmington,  A.  1 

700  King  st.         Min. 
439.   Wilmington,  B.  9-1    Malcolm  MacLear. 

417  Washington  st.  E.M.     Percy  C.  Pyle. 
562.  Wilmington,  C.  8    A.  E.  Keigwin. 

FLORIDA. 


411.  Blackwater,  A. 


567.  Fort  Meade,  A. 

(fbrmeriy  Sigourney,  la.) 
22.  Grahamville,  A.  2 


3-8    Miss  Alice  A.  Chandler. 
B.  E.     Miss  Kittie  C.  Roberts. 
5    Carl  M.  Keck. 
Irving  Keck. 
Miss  Edna  Pearl  Lisk. 


ILLINOIS. 

10.  Aurora,  A. 

3 

Miss  Lilian  L.  Trask. 

108.  Chicago,  D. 
Hodge's  block,  22d  st. 
153.  Chicago,  E. 
15325^^.      E. 

4 
O.Or. 
.5-3 
G.  Or. 

D.  A.  French. 
Ch.  W.  Sprague. 
Grafton  Parker. 
E.  W.  Wentworth. 

229.  Chicago,  F. 
2546  S.  Dearborn 

7-5 
.    All. 

Graham  Davis. 
E.  R.  Lamed. 

313.  Chicago,  H. 
51  8.  Sheldon. 

13 

O.  J.  Steiner. 

342.  Chicago,  I. 
1212  Wabash  av. 
383.  Chicago,  L. 
1236  Wabash  av. 

4 
6 

E.  Shepherd. 
W.  B.  Jansen. 

419.  Chicago,  M. 
107  Sedgwick  st. 
523.  Chicago,  O. 
334  Monroe  st. 

84-6 
G. 
5-6 
/M.  Z. 

Geo.  Lynne. 
Geo.  Lynne. 
A.  W.  Glover. 
A.  L.  Baxter. 

Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters. 


No.  of       Name  and 

No  of 

Chap.        Address. 

Mem.               P™8-  aud  Sec- 

531.  Chicago,  P. 

6 

3011  Midi,  av. 

Hany  Hirsch. 

541.  Chicago,  Q. 

4    0.  E.  Taft. 

3014  Midi.  m. 

M. 

583.  Chicago,  R. 

8    W.  E.  Hale. 

96  Drexel  «».' 

Mic.     G.  E.  Hale. 

588.  Chicago,  S. 

7-2     W.  G.  Jen-ems,  Jr. 

41~  Aldine  sq. 

W.  A.  Wilkins. 

596.  Chicago,  T. 

6    W.  L.  Dawson. 

50  8.  Ada  *t. 

B.  W.  Peck. 

603.  Chicago,  U. 

3 

3120  Cahimet  ar.         E.     C.  F.  McLean. 

649.  Chicago,  V. 

6-3    Harry  Crawford. 

242  Bu&el  at. 

M.  E.     Harvey  Murray. 

12.  Forreston,  A. 

5     C.  M.  Winston. 

Pare  Winston. 

25.  Freeport,  A. 

5    Miss  Anne  Jenkins. 

388.  Galesburgh,  A. 

10-3    E.  C.  Lambert. 

B.  E.  G.     W.  S.  Nash. 

550.  Galesburgh,  B. 

9-1     Ernest  E.  Calkins. 

208  N.  Academy  sf. 

E.  G.  Or.     C.  F.  Gettemy. 

466.  Golconda,  A. 

13    Oscar  Rauchfuss. 

Robert  Galbraith. 

365.  Hyde  Park.  A. 

24-4    Sidney  H.  West. 

Box  292. 

Or.     E.  W.  Potter. 

95.  Joliet,  A. 

16    Miss  Addie  W.  Smith. 

430.  Kinmundy,  A. 

5    Bertie  Squire. 

105.  Limerick,"  A. 

13    John  W.  Jordan. 

509.  Macomb,  A. 

10    Miss  G.  VanHoesen. 

Or.     Miss  Nellie  Tunniciiff. 

525.  Monmouth,  A. 

4    J.  A.  Dose. 

B.  Phys.     D.  E.  Waid. 

641.  Normal  Park.  A. 

Edward  Colegrove. 

B*:r  173. 

Or.  M.     Miss  Charlotte  Putnam. 

86 


Hand-book. 


No.  of       Name  and 

Xo  of 

Chap.         Address. 

Mem. 

Pres.  and  sec. 

287.  Ottawa,  A. 

--4 

B.  E. 

Ray  Hoffman. 

1.56.  Peoria,  A. 

12 

Edgar  Eldridge. 

104  P<(.  ,tc. 

Tobey  Van  Buskirk. 

184.  Peoria,  B. 

6 

1142  N.  Atl'i.m* 

it. 

Eddie  Smith. 

320.  Peoria,  C. 

6 

311  .V.  Eil-.rfM.i, 

J.  A.  Smith. 

648.  Peoria,  D. 

4 

Frank  Cobleigh. 

302  Mo**  */. 

Or. 

H.  J.  Woodward. 

346.  Princeton,  A. 

4 

R.  C.  Trimble. 

M.  0. 

W.  K.  Trimble. 

499.  Princeton,  C. 

6 

Harry  Bailey. 

515.  Rogers  Park,  A. 

4 

Mrs.  E.  S.  Gridlev. 

E.M. 

C.  B.  Coxe. 

393.  S.  Evanston.  A. 

17 

C.  B.  Atwell. 

B.  Bi. 

Miss  C.  B.  Adams. 

65.  Wright's  Grove,  A 

4-2 

Mrs.  Brown. 

4802  L«  >v///,  a 

W.  B.  Greenleaf. 

INDIANA 

606.  Evansville,  A. 

5-2 

Cvrus  K.  Drew. 

421  Chandler  <ic.      E. 

G.Or.Z. 

Clarence  D.  Gil  ckrist. 

358.  Green  Castle,  A. 

1 

Joseph  H.  Earp. 

420.  Hanover,  A. 

5 

Box  1. 

528.  Huntingsburg,  A. 

7 

C.  H.  Behrens. 
Hugh  C.  Rothert. 

145.  Indianapolis.  A. 

11 

265  E.  X.  Y.  st 

F.  Bildenmeister. 

265.  Indianapolis,  B. 

7 

156  A*h  ft. 

Miss  Cornelia  McKay. 

558.  Indianapolis,  C. 

12 

Henry  Dithmer. 

303  T.  J.  *t. 

E. 

Russell  Robinson. 

574.  Indianapolis.  D. 

8 

Tom  Moore. 

332  Ain.  *t. 

John  Schramm. 

Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters. 


No.  of       Name  and 
Chap.         Address. 

No.  of 
.Mem. 

I'res.  and  Sec. 

195.  Kentland,  A. 

8  - 

Mrs.  C.  P.  Boswell. 

Miss  Birdie  Blye. 

103.  La  Porte,  A. 

7 

Frank  Eliel. 

4'26.  La  Porte,  B. 

4 

Leo  B.  Austin. 

491.  Rochester,  A. 

11-1 

Miss  Tina  Smith. 

lio.t-  S. 

A. 

Miss  Nellie  Scull. 

636.  Rockville.  A. 

5 

Edwin  C.  Thurston. 

M. 

Miss  Lilla  Moore. 

431.  Terre  Haute,  A. 

17-2 

Ed.  Thurston. 

629  Mulberry  st. 

E. 

B.  M.  Condit. 

633.  Terre  Haute,  B. 

7-1 

Arthur  McKeene. 

622  Clwdruit  *t. 

O.  C.  Mewhinney. 

IOWA. 

118.  Bristow,  A. 

1 

J.  B.  Playter,  Mic. 

64.  Cedar  Rapids,  A. 

14-21 

R.  C.  Greene. 

M  ai\  <k  oth  ftt.    E 

M.  G. 

E.  P.  Boyntou. 

330.  Cedar  Rapids,  B. 

12-25 

E.  C.  Clark. 

E.  G. 

C.  R.  Eastman. 

551.  Clinton,  A. 

6 

Miss  Mabel  E.  Loveder. 

B»x  486. 

E. 

Henry  Towle. 

158.  Davenport,  A. 

15 

E.  K.  Putnam. 

632.  Davenport,  B. 

6-2 

Grixwold  Colkye. 

Miss  Sarah  G.  Foote. 

285.  Dubuque,  A. 

8 

Alvin  S.  Wheeler. 

20.  Fail-field,  A. 

12-23 

Miss  Carrie  A.  Lamson. 

Box  213. 

E.  G. 

Miss  Sue  Blair. 

514.  Iowa  City,  A. 

5-1 

H.  F.  Wickham. 

E.  Or. 

W.  M.  Clute. 

327.  Muscatine,  A. 

4 

Glenn  A.  Gordon. 

578.  Osceola,  A. 

9 

Mrs.  L.  E.  Banta. 

Box  744. 

Harlan  Richards. 

540.  Oskaloosa,  B. 

20-8 

A.  C.  Scott. 

Box  682. 

O.  D.  McMains. 

15.  Ottumwa,  A. 

21-35 

Miss  Belle  Foster. 

W.  R,  Lighten. 

Hand-book. 


No.  of       Name  and 
Chap.         Address. 

546.  Palo,  A. 

No.  of 
Mem. 

10 

Pres.  and  Sec. 
Miller  Barnhill. 

56. 

Pine  Croft. 
Greene. 

6 

Miss  Lida  Price. 
Miss  Lavenia  Price. 

233. 

547. 

238. 

Sydney.  A. 
B 
Shellsburg,  A. 
Winterset,  A. 

4 
M.  Z. 

25 
3 
M. 

Mrs.  W.  H.  Trites. 
Mr.  Geo.  Trites. 
O.  H.  Thompson. 
Mott  Wheelock. 
Harry  Wallace. 

KANSAS. 

225. 

Burlington,  A. 
O. 

4 
Or.  E. 

A.  M.  Hendee. 
P.  M.  Floyd. 

304. 

Emporia,  A. 
Bo*  1186. 

10 

L.  O.  Perley. 

292. 
519. 

Independence,  A. 
Lawrence,  A. 

18 
5 

W.  H.  Plank. 
F.  H.  Bowersock. 

597. 

Lawrence,  B. 
Box  89.             E. 

10-4 
0.  M. 

Pliny  Allen. 
Albert  Garret. 

142. 

Leavenworth,  A. 
327  Delaware  *t. 

14 

W.  L.  Burrell. 

526. 

Leavenworth,  B. 
616  Walnut  st.  B. 

9-1 
O.  G. 

W.  P.  Brown. 
H.  P.  Johnson. 

270. 

Severance.  A. 

9 

W.  S.  Franklin. 

301. 

Topeka,  A. 
218  Polk  st. 

5 

C.  A.  Dai  ley. 

308. 

Wellington.  A. 
Bite  804 

5 

J.  T.  Nixon. 

KENTUCKY. 

207. 

Bowling  Green,  A. 

3-1 
G. 

J.  W.  Durkee. 
Miss  Jessie  Glenn. 

133. 

Erlanger.  A. 

5 

Alex.  Bedinger. 
L.  M.  Bedinger. 

MAINE. 

332. 

Augusta.  A. 
"f  !<>.i-  231. 

UMB 

Mrs.  H.  A.  Hall. 
G.  C1.  Libby. 

Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters. 


No.  of       Name  and 
Mem.         Address. 

Mem'              Pres.andSec. 

443.  Brunswick,  A. 

6    E.  B.  Young. 

263.  Gardner,  A. 

14    A.  C.  Brown. 

484.  Oldtown,  A. 

6    Miss  Mabel  Waldron. 

651.  Portland,  A. 

4    P.  E.  Perry. 

717  Congress  st. 

E.  M.  Or.     W.  H.  Dow. 

444.  Rockland,  A.  11 

B.  K  H. 

468.  Saco,  C.  18 

Care  L.  F.  Br«dhury. 
442.  Waldoboro.  A.  5 

138.  Warren.  A. 

B.  G. 

465.   Waterville,  A.  8-3 

E.  O.  Or. 


J.  P.  Cilley.  Jr. 
Miss  Grace  T.  Cilley. 
Edward  Goshen. 
Miss  Genie  Preble. 
Allen  R,  Benner— E".  &G. 
L.  J.  Hills. 
A.  M.  Hilt. 
C.  B.  Wilson. 
C.  W.  Spencer. 


MARYLAND. 


635.  Annapolis,  A. 

St.  John's  College.    E. 

7.  Baltimore,  A. 

73.  Baltimore,  B. 

76  Md.  av. 

368.  Baltimore,  D. 

223  Md.  w. 
387.  Baltimore,  E. 

2  Denmead  st.    Or.  B. 
480.  Baltimore,  F. 

222  McCulLoli  st. 
614,  Baltimore,  H. 

211  Pre*8tnum  st. 
598.  St.  George's,  A. 

Refttertown-  P.  0. 


6-1  Harry  C.  Hopkins. 

O.  M.  A.  H.  Hopkins. 

1  J.  H.  Hughes, 238  Mad.av. 

6-12  Miss  H.  C.  Allnutt. 

Miss  Susie  H.  Keith. 
6 

Miss  Fannie  Wyatt. 

15-2  Miss  Rebecca  F.  Clark. 

Phys.  Helen  C.  Coale. 

12-1  Miss  M.  Reinhardt. 

E.  Miss  R.  Jones. 

8-2  J.  B.  Rollins. 

B.  M.  R.  S.  Hart. 

17-2  C.  H.  T.  Lowndes. 

B.  Mrs.  Marjr  B.  Kinear. 


149.  Abington,  A. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 

12-1     E.  W.  Blake. 

C.  A.  Cushman. 


9° 


Hand-book. 


No.  of       Name  and 

Xo  of 

Chap.         Address. 

Mem.                1>res-  Mld  *ec- 

352.  Amherst,  A. 

18-2    W.  B.  Greenough. 

E. 

B.  Or.     Miss  E.  S.  Field. 

379.  Andover,  B. 

5 

348.  Ashland,  A. 

20-7 

AV-174. 

W.  G.  Whittemore. 

24.  Boston,  A. 

6-1     A.  P.  Stone. 

52  HW//,//,,  rf. 

B.  M.     F.  A.  North. 

162.  Boston,  B. 

2     A.  C.  Chamberlain. 

99  Re-ff,',:  St. 

Z. 

367.  Boston,  C. 

4    Miss  Alice  M.  Gay. 

47  C.JH.'.,,;1  «,,. 

Miss  Annie  Darling. 

496.  Boston.  E. 

6 

(Xneyst.,  WardM.           G.  A.  Orrok. 

593.  Brookline,  A. 

6 

E.  B. 

Or.  M.     Geo.  L.  Brigg*. 

224.  Canibridgeport,  B. 

5     F.  L.  Hammond. 

390.  Chester,  A. 

20    Rev.  A.  E.  Todd. 

Wm.   Stanton. 

629.  Chicopee.  A. 

24     R.  E.  Bemis. 

B».i-  200.            B.  M.  Z.     Miss  E.  L.  Mitchell. 

658.  Chicopee,  B. 

10    A.  C.  Towne. 

Miss  E.  B.  Bullens. 

218.  Clinton,  A. 

10    Gerald  Alley. 

516.  Dighton,  A. 

16    W.  A.  Reade. 

429.  Dorchester,  A. 

10-2     W.  H.  Tenuey,  Jr. 

15  t,  ol<  i  ni})  it  .<<{. 

Miss  Miriam  Badlam. 

261.  E.  Boston,  A. 

10    Miss  Emma  Bates. 

118  Lexington  *t. 

Z.     Miss  Ruth  A.  Odiorne. 

351.  E.  Boston,  B. 

25 

203  Saratoga  st. 

W.  D.  Clark. 

143.  E.  Bridgewater,  A. 

5     G.  S.  Young. 

545.  Fall  River.  A. 

8    F.  H.  Young. 

Bo*  275. 

O.  K.  Hawes. 

48.  Fitchburgh,  A. 

4    J.  W.  Richmond. 
B.  E.     A.  B.  Simonds. 

Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters. 


No.  of       Name  and 

No.  of 

Chap.        Addivss. 

Mem. 

Pros,  and  >>ec. 

173. 

Fitchburg,  B. 

13-3 

F.  J.  Perkins. 

Miss  Mary  Garfield. 

201. 

Fitchburg,  C. 

12-2 

Thornton  M.  Ware. 

Miss  Ellen  A.  Snow.  B 

450. 

Fitchburg,  D. 

13 

G.  V.  Upton. 

Bo.r  1335. 

Z. 

G.  F.  Whittemore. 

642. 

Florence,  A. 

23 

Prof.  G.  A.  Hoadly. 

Box  22. 

Or.  }I. 

A.  T.  Bliss. 

282. 

Greenfield,  A. 

6 

Prof.  C.  H.  K.  Sanderson. 

579. 

Hadley,  A. 

6 

Miss  Julia  Dwight. 

Box  229. 

G.  Or. 

Miss  Mary  A.  Cook. 

458. 

Haverhill,  A. 

2 

F.  H.  Chase. 

2  Arrh  *t 

217. 

Hyde  Park,  A. 

14 

Bo*  405.  . 

124. 

Jamaica  Plain,  A. 

4 

R.  W.  Wood,  Jr. 

Glen  Road.     G. 

Or.  M. 

G.  W.  Wheelwright,  Jr. 

1. 

Lenox,  A. 

10-6 

Oakleigh  Thorne. 

B».r  178. 

220* 

H.  H.  Ballard. 

210. 

Lowell,  B. 

7 

Bo.r  155. 

G.  A.  Whitmore. 

586. 

Lowell,  C. 

5 

C.  S.  Hutchinson. 

127  yexiiiith  st. 

M.  Z. 

H.  C.  Rogers. 

297. 

Maiden,  A. 

6 

/fa/-  131  Faulkner. 

C.  C.  Beale. 

111. 

Milford.  A. 

5 

C.  F.  Hicks. 

Box  643. 

72. 

Need  ham,  A. 

7 

Gilbert  Maun. 

281. 

Newburyport,  B. 

6 

R.  E.  Curtis. 

411. 

New  Salem,  A. 

1 

D.  F.  Carpenter. 

481. 

Newton,  A. 

12-10 

E.  L.  Douglass. 

Z. 

F.  M.  Elms. 

47. 

Newton  Centre,  A. 

4 

John  Bond. 

Philip  Britchett. 

*Corresponding  members. 

Hand-book. 


No.  of       Name  and                    No.  of 
Chap.        Address.                      Mem. 

256.  Newton  Up.  Falls,  A.    7-3 
B.  M.  Or. 
355.   X.  Adams,  A.                13-3 
B.  G.  Z. 

Pre*.  and  pee. 

.1.  F.  Hopkins. 
Mis^  Josie  M.  Hopkins. 
Miss  E.  H.  Brewer. 
Miss  Louise  Radio. 

17.  Northampton.  A. 

3-4 

M.  Allie  Maynard. 
Mis*  Florence   Maynard 

435.  Northampton.  B. 
Bo.r  756. 

4 

H.  L.  Billiard. 

170.  N.  Brookfield.  A. 
Box  310. 

13 

E.  P.  Jenks. 
H.  A.  Cooke. 

92.  N.  Cambridge.  A. 

4 
E. 

H.  A.  Seasrrave. 
F.  E.  Keay. 

492.  Peru,  A. 

6 
B.  E. 

C'.  B.  Cone. 
Miss  Hyla  A.  Stowell. 

60.  Pigeon  Cove.  A. 

11-4 
11 

C.  C.  Fears. 
C.  H.  Andrew^. 

183.  Salem,  A. 
4  Cherry  *t. 
438.  Somerville.  A. 

5 

6 

M.  E.  Burrill. 
Harrv  G.  Sear-. 

112.  S.  Boston.  A. 
37  G-<tte*  *t. 

11 
N.  H. 

W.  6.  Hersey. 
H.  E.  Sawyer. 

212.  S.  Boston.  B.                   4-4 
729  E.  4t/>  *t.  M.  O.  Or. 
580.  S.  Boston,  C.                  5-3 
777  /?>                 E.  M. 
617.  S.  Willmmstown,  A.       27 
Greylort  In»t.   B.  M.  Or. 
575.  Spencer,  A.                    14-5 

G.  H.  Chitteuden. 
H.  C.  Clapp. 
P.  C.  Sheldon. 
F.  M.  Spaulding. 
X.  P.  Goodell. 
R.  C.  Campbell. 
G.  A.  Drurv. 
Miss  May  B.  Ladd. 

500.  Stockbridge.  A. 
219.  Taunton,  B. 
E. 

• 
18-5 
Or.  M. 

Miss  Bessie  Chaffee. 
Miss  Edith  Loverinir. 
A.  C.  Bent. 

66.   Waltham.  A. 
Box  1339. 

7 

H.  Hancock. 

269.  Wareham.  A. 
Ilif.il  /W/W. 

11-1 
M. 

Miss  Alice  M.  Guernsey. 
G.  W.  Dempsey. 

Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters. 


No.  of       Name  and 
Mem.         Address. 

No.  of 
Mem. 

Pres.  and  Sec. 

338.  Wareham,  B. 

6-3 

Arthur  Hammond. 

281.  Webster,  A. 

4 

R.  G.  Leavitt. 

464.  Westboro,  A. 

30 

Miss  Kitty  A.  Gage. 

189.  W.  Medford,  A. 

2 

Miss  Isabel  G.  Dame. 

Box  197. 

B.  E. 

Miss  Gertrude  Dame. 

MICHIC4AN. 

384.  Ann  Arbor,  A. 

6 

D.  H.  Browne. 

328.  Buchanan,  A. 

4 

Willie  Talbot. 

14.  Detroit,  A. 

16 

A.  S.  Wiley. 

E. 

Miss  Bertha  Wiley. 

120.  Detroit,  B. 

8 

62  Miami  ai\ 

Miss  Ella  M.  Leggett. 

157.  Detroit,  C. 

8-7 

George  W.  Kelley. 

26  Henry  st. 

E.  M.  Raynale. 

652.  Dowagiac,  A. 

11-4 

V.  M.  Tuthill. 

E. 

E.  F.  Perry. 

50.  Flint,  A. 

1 

Box  1425. 

Miss  H.  A.  Lovell. 

71.  Grand  Rapids,  A 

4 

Willie  G.  Allyn. 

571.  Grand  Rapids,  B 

15 

Geo.  C.  Hollister. 

Old  Nat.  Bank. 

Or.  M.  E. 

Louis  Carpenter. 

135.  Jackson,  A. 

17-4 

E.  D.  Warner. 

228  Main  st. 

J.  O.  D.  Bennett. 

164.  Jackson,  B. 

17 

Cor.  Main  & 

ith  sts. 

Mrs.  Norah  Gridley. 

96.  Lansing,  A. 

6 

Rodman  H.  Cary. 

M. 

James  P.  Edmonds. 

569.  Ludington,  A. 

•  15 

Ch.  T.  Sawyer. 

626.  Petoskey,  A. 

10-2 

Mrs.  Watson  Snyder* 

O.  Or. 

W.  B.  Lawton. 

607.  Union  City,  A. 

9 

Miss  Minnie  Drum. 

Carl  Spencer. 

237.  Ypsilanti,  B. 

2-1 

Louis  B.  Hardy,  E.  G. 

94 

No.  of 
Chap- 


Hand-book. 


Name  and 
Address. 


No.  of 
Mem. 


26.  Detroit  City.  A 
542.  Faribault.  A. 

ft.  M«ry*  I 
178.  Farmingtou.  A. 
117.  Minneapolis,  A. 

1816  Fourth  < 
194.  Minneapolis.  B. 

1016  Wrvf,-;*,, 
386.  Pine  City.  A. 

121.  St.  Paul.  A. 

139.  St.  Paul,  B 

5±Dftri<l*o;, 

428.  St.  Paul.  C. 

r,  Laura  ws, 
369.  St.  Paul,  D. 

Box  5. 

565.  Waseca.  A. 
128. 


573.  Moss  Point.  A. 
544.  Oxford.  A. 

601.  West  Point,  A. 


Pres.  and  Sec. 
MINNESOTA. 

5  C.  C.  Dix. 

10  Miss  Eva  Whipple. 

II.  Miss  E.  M.  Blvtue. 

8  H.  X.  Win-    ' 

20 

c.          N.  Miss  Jennie  Hughos. 

•"•.  Burtie  W.  McCracken. 

4    E.  L.  Stephan. 
B.  E.     Miss  L.  M.  Stephan. 
14-1     Mrs.  J.  DeGraw. 
Frank  "Ramaley. 
6 

W,.  Sidney  E.  Farwell. 

6 

P.  C'.  Allen. 
6 

Fred  Spauldinir. 

6  E.  A.  Everett. 
J.  F.  Murphy. 

MISSISSIPPI. 

12     Miss  Bessie  Burden. 
6-2    Mrs.  M.  L.  Hutson. 

C'.  Woodward  Hutson. 
16-5    Judge  B.  F.  Owen. 
E.  Z.     R.  £  does. 


276.  Kansas  City.  A. 

114  w.m  */ 

634.  Macon.  A. 

Box  876. 
33.  St.  Louis,  A. 

1818  in/ A/I.  * 


F.  M.  Pea*-. 
5     Maj.  A.  C.  Longden. 
G.  Z.     Lieut.  C.  W.  Kimball. 

4    Wm.  S.  Love. 
M.     Miss  Maud  M.  Love. 


Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters.  95 

No.  of        Name  and  No.  of  p.,ptj 

Chap.         Address.  Mem. 

46.  St.  Louis.  B.  2    H.  B.  Cmcknell. 

1233  N.  30M  «t.  C.  F.  Haanel. 

202.  St.  Louis,  C.  12 

1014  C<i*»  ac.  Miss  L.  M.  Follet. 

638.  St.  Louis,  D.  7    W.  C.  Watts. 

3857  Wash.  ,w.  M.  G.  E.     Frank  M.  Davis. 
366.  Webster  Groves,  A.         39 

Box  113.  Edwin  R.  Allen. 

NEW   HAMPSHIRE. 

587.  Concord,  A.  4-2  Rev.  H.  P.  Lamprey. 

So.v42l.  G.  B.  Miss  Lunette  E.  Lamprey. 

440.  Keene,  A.  6-1  H.  S.  Foster. 

Sox  307.  E.  F.  H.  Foster. 

391.  Meredith,  A.  10-1  H.  M.  Robinson. 

N.  Snnborntoti.  B.  Ch.  F.  Robinson. 

21.  Nashua.  A.  13-27  J.  W.  Thurber. 

Box  757.    E.  Bi.  Or.  M.  F.  W.  Greeley. 

125.  Nashua,  C.  4  Charles  Howard. 

181.  Nashua,  E.  1 

M.  Geo.  M.  Tinkei. 

294.  Swanzey,  A.  4 

Marlboro  Depot.  Miss  L.  A.  Whitcomb. 

NEW  JERSEY. 

518.  Bergen  Point,  A.  5 

Box  69.  Miss  Alida  Conover. 

372.  Beverley,  A.  7-4    H.  B.  Carpenter. 

Box  88.  E.     Miss  Alice  T.  Carpenter. 

373.  Beverley,  B.  .  6-4    J.  P.  Street. 

Bo.rU.  P.  S.  Clarkson. 

437.  Burlington,  A.  4  Natalie  McNeal. 

560.  Cambridge,  A.  10  Miss  M.  M.  McGonigal. 

Riverside,  box  19.  E.  C.  M.  G.  Morrison  Taylor. 

113.  Camden,  A.  6 

307  N.  M  *t.  Miss  Mabel  Adams. 


Hand-book. 


No.  of       Name  and 
Mem.        Address. 

No.  of 
Mem. 

Pres.  and  sec. 

548.  Crawford,  A. 

6-1 

Miss  Katie  Ells. 

Box  106. 

Miss  Maud  A.  Cox. 

461.  East  Orange,  A. 

12-4 

Miss  Sarah  R.  Adams. 

Brick  Church  P. 

0. 

Miss  Stella  L.  Hook. 

605.  East  Orange,  B. 

5-2 

F.  H   Chandler. 

f^roi-esteml. 

E.  M. 

Alfred  E.  Horan. 

570.  Hackensack,  A. 

4 

A.  J.  Voorhis. 

O.  B.  M. 

Z.  Or. 

Philander  Betts. 

417    Keyport,  A. 

7 

Win.  Van  Geison. 

B.  Z. 

Phelps  Cherry. 

349.  Linden,  A. 

6 

E.  H.  Schram. 

640.  Milville,  A. 

9 

Herbert  Westwood. 

Or. 

Carder  Hazard. 

639.  Montclair,  A. 

6-6 

Marion  Bedell. 

.R>xl47. 

B.  Z. 

Miss  Lucy  B.  Parsons. 

74.  Moorestown,  A. 

7 

Box  115. 

Miss  Anna  F.  Thomas. 

337.  Newark,  A. 

9-5 

Fred.  W.  Neiman. 

164  Mulberry  st.  Or. 

O.  E. 

Chas,  Wegle. 

403.  Newark,  B. 

2-3 

Frank  Lynch. 

687  Broad  st. 

Or. 

Chas.  Barrows. 

572.  Newark,  C. 

10 

Max  Farrand. 

611  High  st.  E.  M 

.  O.B. 

L.  M.  Passmore. 

249.  Orange,  A. 

Geo.  M.  Smith. 

423.  Perth  Amboy,  A. 

30-5 

Miss  Bessie  Yoconi. 

Z.  B. 

Miss  Bertha  Mitchell. 

398.  Roseville,  A. 

20 

Sara  Darrach. 

13.  Trenton.  A. 

8-1 

Miss  Anna  B.  Newbold. 

154  W.  State  st, 

B. 

Miss  M.  S.  Mcllvaine. 

497.  Trenton.  B. 

4-3 

Harry  Archer. 

Box  424.       A.  O. 

E.M. 

Joseph  Archer. 

543    Washington,  A. 

5 

Mrs.  Wm.  M.  Baird. 

Lock  box  6. 

Dr.  Wm.  M.  Baird. 

Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters. 


97 


No.  oi 
Chap. 

f        Name  and 
Address. 

No.  of 
Mem. 

Pres.  and  Sec. 

NEW  YORK. 

187. 

Albanj7,  A. 

6-2 

F.  P.  Huested. 

3  LaFayette  at. 

E. 

John  P.  Gnvit. 

288. 

Albany,  B. 

7 

10  Hawk  »t. 

Win.  R.  Nichols. 

457. 

Albany,  C. 

7-8 

J.  P.  Rvan. 

240  Clinton-  ar. 

W.  L.  Martin. 

226. 

Alfred  Centre,  A. 

16 

C.  A.  Davis. 

114. 

Auburn,  A. 

8 

7  Franklin  st. 

Miss  Mamie  L.  Kimberly. 

336. 

Auburn,  B. 

12 

J.  L.  Hickok. 

13  AiireUu*  av. 

E.  L.  Hickok. 

476. 

Aurora,  A. 

27 

E.  L.  French. 

559. 

Bath,  A. 

4-2 

Friend  Miller. 

Steuben.  Co. 

Z.  E. 

Percy  C.  Meserve. 

645. 

Bath,  B. 

6-3 

W.  H.  Chamberlain. 

M.  E. 

Or.  B. 

Chas.  L.  Kingsley. 

295. 

Boohville,  A. 

3 

S.  W.  Nelson. 

G. 

F.  C.  Johnson. 

19. 

Brooklyn,  A. 

7 

171  Clinton  st. 

Miss  Lucy  Tupper. 

82. 

Brooklyn,  B. 

6-2 

James  M.  Patten. 

11  Garden  pi. 

Z.  M. 

Chas.  B.  Davenport. 

364. 

Brooklyn,  D. 

3-1 

Harry  Ager. 

6  St.  James  place. 

M.  B. 

J.  K  Drake. 

374. 

Brooklyn,  E. 

11 

F.  K  Cheshire. 

136  1th  st.     Z.  B 

.  G.  C. 

Frank  E.  Cocks. 

382. 

Brooklyn,  F. 
135  Henri/  st. 

8-9 
G.  E. 

Miss  Alice  Van  Ingen. 
Dudley  A.  Van  Ingen. 

422. 

Brooklyn,  G. 

9 

John  Walsh. 

98  2d  plate. 

B.  Z. 

R.  C.  A  very,  Jr. 

609. 

Brooklyn,  H. 

10 

Miss  Alice  Van  Ingeu. 

122  Reinxen  st. 

Philip  Van  Ingen. 

91. 

Buffalo,  A. 

22-8 

H.  A.  Stahl. 

960  Wash  st.     B. 

E.  Or. 

Miss  C.  Freeman. 

Hand-Book. 


No.  of       Name  and 
Chap.         Address. 

132.  Buffalo,  B. 
117  Uth  *t.         Arch. 

No  of 
Mem. 

14-2 
G.  E. 

Pres.  and  Bee. 

A.  W.  Thaver. 
Chas.  W.  Dobbins. 

168.  Buffalo,  C. 
3  Cottage  at.      B. 

5 
Phys. 

Miss  Eva  Smith. 
Miss  Jennie  K.  Doyle. 

228.  Buffalo,  D. 
103  TremontpL 

9 

Percy  Scharff. 

317.  Buffalo,  E. 
523  Main  st. 

10 

W.  L.  Koester. 

493.  Buffalo,  F. 
105  14-th  st.        B. 

18-1 
M.  E. 

A.  C.  Brown. 
Miss  Clara  A.  Manser. 

529.  Buffalo,  H. 

44  No.  Pearl  st. 

7 

Miss  Margaret  Evans. 

585.  Buffalo,  I. 
Box  185. 
334.  Chappaqua,  A. 
447.  Chittenango.  A. 

11-1 

4 

8-4 

Jos.  C.  Pfeiffer. 
F.  M.  Moody. 
M.  Wright  Barnum. 
John  Flaherty. 
Chas.  A.  Jenkins. 

137.  Clyde,  A. 
478.  Comstocks,  A. 

6 

4 

Geo.  S.  Morley,  O. 
Miss  L.  B.  Culver. 
Geo.  C.  Baker. 

479.  Durhamville,  A. 

5 

Arthur  Fox. 

146.   Ellington,  A. 
513.  Far  Rockaway.  A. 
Long  I*la  iid. 
150.  Flushing,  A. 
Djng  Island. 
604.  Fredonia,  A. 

20 

8 

2-1 

6 
B.E. 

W.  H.  Van  Allen. 

L.  I.  Carleton. 
Mrs.  F.  R.  L.  Heaton. 
Miss  F.  M.  L.  Heaton. 
Miss  Mary  E.  Bemis. 
Mrs.  Jennie  N.  Curtis. 

254.  Fulton,  A. 

3-1 
C. 

C.  Bennett. 
H.  C.  Howe. 

294.  Garden  City,  A. 
Long  Island. 
186.  Geneva,  A. 

4 
39 

Dr.  J.  S.  Hawley. 
Win.  R.  Kitchen. 
Lansing  Stebbins. 
Miss  Nellie  A.  Wilson. 

Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters. 


99 


No.  of       Name  and                     No.  of 
Chap.        Address.                      Mem. 
594.  Granville,  A.                   7-2 
Uox72N.  Granville.  G.O.B.Z.E. 

Pres.  and  Sec. 

E.  L.  Smith. 
James  E.  Rice. 

502.  Herkimer,  A. 

8-1 
Or. 

Peter  F.  Piper. 
Geo.  W.  Nellis,  Jr. 

172.  Hoosac,  A. 
Box  53. 
625.  Hudson,  A. 
M, 

89.  Hull's  Mills,  A. 

DutcJiess  Co. 

12 

4-1 
G.  Or. 

7 

Miss  F.  G.  Langdon. 
H.  W.  George. 
Robt,  E.  Terry. 

Miss  Alice  Brower. 

37.  Kingsboro,  A. 
Fulton  Co. 

12 

M.  W.  Thomas. 

106.  Lebanon  Springs,  A 
85.  Leroy,  A. 

79.  Lockport,  A. 
563.  Lyons,  A. 
Box  428.            G 

7 

13 
M. 
140 
6-2 
.  O.W. 

Mrs.  M.  K.  Harrison. 
W.  H.  Harrison. 

Miss  C.  A.  Talmage. 
Geo.  W.  Pound. 
Charlie  Ennis. 
Leroy  Ostrander. 

620.  Manlius,  A. 
St.  John's. 

10-4 

Robt.  W.  Bowman. 
Geo.  C.  Beebe. 

623.  Manlius,  B. 
St.  John's. 

9 

C.  H.  Cuvler. 

556.  Moravia,  A. 

6 

Chas.  L.  Atwood. 

144.  Mt.  Veruon,  A.  12 

503.  Nassau,  A.  6 

252.  Nanuet,  A.  3-2 

Box  19.  Or.  M.  G. 

67.  New  York,  A.  4 

12  Lexington  av. 
87.  New  York,  B.  18-2 

244  Madison  st. 
116.  New  York,  D.  5-2 

223  E.  18th  st.    Mic.  B. 


F.  S.  Curtis. 

Aubrey  Tyson. 

Miss  Emily  P.  Sherman. 

C.  Hasbrouck  Wells. 

Oscar  D.  Dike. 

James  Robb. 
A.  C.  Rudischhauser. 
Edward  B.  Miller. 
Albert  Tuska. 
Gustav  R.  Tuska. 


Hand-book. 


Xo.  of       Name  and 

No.  of 

• 

Chap.         Address. 

Mem. 

Pres.  and  sec. 

161.   Xew  York.  E. 

4 

224  ir.  34tf/  *'. 

C.  R.  Burke. 

191.  Xew  York.  F. 

o 

H.  L.  Mitchell. 

51  E.  Mf/t  xf. 

Buckuor  Van  Amrinuv. 

234.  New  York,  G. 

3 

R.  Moeller. 

335  ir.  27/7/  xf. 

G.  E. 

F.  W.  RODS. 

312.  New  York,  H. 

2 

Edward  H' 

249  H'.  26tf<  *t. 

Geo.  Wildey. 

407.  New  York,  J. 

120  Broadway. 

A.  C.  Week>. 

414.  New  York,  K. 

6 

139  ir.  49///  8t. 

Heinrieh  Rio. 

477.  New  York.  M. 

.-> 

200  W  57/76  st. 

A.  C.  P.  Opdyke. 

490.  New  York.  N. 

10 

Stephen  D.  Sammis. 

670  E.  142-'/  st.  E 

.  Phys. 

Stephen  D.  Sammis. 

592.   Xew  York,  P. 

"  4 

H.  A.  Elsberc. 

1101  Le.rtngto/1  nr.      E. 

C.  Elsberg. 

630.   New  York.  Q. 

4 

J.  C.  Rowe. 

106  Varicicrt. 

W.  T.  Demarest. 

595.  Oneonta,  A. 

4 

Miss  N.  S.  Van  Woret. 

B.As. 

Miss  Jessie  E.  Jenks. 

433.  Oswego,  A. 

7 

W.  A.  Burr 

504.  Osweso.  B. 

•    28 

108  TF.  111,  *t. 

Miss  Alice  T.  Weed. 

316.  Palmyra,  A. 

8 

Jarvis  Merick. 

243.  Peekskill,  B. 

7 

Austin  D.  Mabie. 

808.  Peekskill,  C. 

7-8 

Gilbert  H.  Anderson. 

Box  465. 

M.  E. 

Geo.  E.  Briggs. 

506.  Port  Henry,  A. 

5 

John  Witherbee. 

M.  Or. 

John  Thomas. 

2.  Potsdam.  A. 

6 

Miss  Annie  Usher. 

491.  Rochester.  A. 

11-1 

Miss  Tina  Smith. 

Bo.r  $. 

A. 

Misx  Xollie  Scull. 

Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters. 


No.  of       Name  aud 
Chap.        Address. 

No.  of 
Mem. 

Pres.  and  Sec. 

454. 

Rochester,  B. 

10 

Miss  Cornelia  M.  Ely. 

263  N.  St.  Paul  *t. 

E.  Or. 

577. 

Rochester.  C. 

12-1 

Miss  Bessie  Kingman. 

no.r  604. 

Or. 

Charley  Boswell. 

579; 

Roxburv,  A. 

10 

Arthur  Boiiton. 

Bta?85. 

E. 

Henry  G.  Cartwright. 

409. 

Sag  Harbor,  A. 
Lock  box  44. 

12-5. 
B. 

Ivon  C.  Byram. 
Cornelius  R.  Sleight. 

580. 

St.  Jolmland,  A. 

•  4-1 

John  H.  Hennessey. 

Suffolk  Co. 

E. 

Wm.  H.  White. 

396. 

Springville,  A. 

8 

E.  Everett  Stanbro. 

286. 

Stockport,  A. 

13-5 

Albert  E.  Heard. 

Willard  J.  Fisher. 

412. 

Syracuse,  C. 

8 

B.  Burrett  Nash. 

215. 

Tioga  Centre,  A. 

4 

A.  R.  Latimer. 

"  TJie  Oaks." 

B.E. 

Miss  Angie  Latimer. 

507. 

Tonawanda,  A. 

5 

Miss  Maud  Hittel. 

Miss  Jennie  Faulkner. 

533. 

Trov.  A. 

7 

Eugene  A.  Darling. 

52  ±th  st. 

Robert  Cluett,  Jr. 

232. 

Utica,  A, 

45-1 

C.  Baker. 

11  Co  art  st.  E.  B. 

M.  C. 

Miss  Frances  E.  Newland. 

622. 

Utica,  B. 

5 

Wm.  C.  White. 

52  Spring  st. 

G.  Z. 

Benj.  C.  George. 

51. 

Utopia,  A. 

9-2 

Robt.  E.  Kenyon. 

B. 

S.  Oila  Willard. 

299. 

Watertown,  A. 

5 

Care  Hon.  A.  W. 

Cln-k. 

Nicoll  Ludlow. 

272 

Westtown,  A. 

7 

Lloyd  Fisher. 

W.  Evans. 

659. 

Williamsville,  A. 

6 

N.  S.  Hopkins. 

Erie  Co. 

H.  E.  Heir. 

NEW   MEXICO. 

483.  Albuquerque,  A.  12-5     E.  C.  Hall. 

Box  91.    G.  C.  Z.  B.  M.     Miss  M.  E.  Whitcomb. 


Hand-book. 


No.  of       Name  and 
Chap.         Address. 


306.  Belmont.  A. 


No.  of 
Mem. 


Pres.  and  Sec. 


NEVADA. 

30    C.  L.  Deady. 

NORTH   CAROLINA. 


30.  Newberne.  A. 
('•n>e  Geo, 


16 


:f-  ('».       Mrs.  E.  C.  Gaskins. 

6-4    AVm.  J.  Battle. 
B.  E.     Miss  C'lara  J.  Martin. 
OHIO, 

14    Miss  Xellie  A.  Prentice. 
Miss  May  H.  Prentice 

5  Mivs  Fannie  Rathbone. 
485.  Brooklyn  Village.  A.    32-2     W.  P.  Cope. 

B.  E.     Miss  Helen  E.  Barnard. 

6  R.  Kopheudorfer. 
Mi-  Ethel  Gillis. 

3     Wm.  H.  Crane 
E.     Gaylord  Mile-. 
8    Alphonse  Heuck. 

J.  A.  Giebel. 
6 


535.  Chapel  Hill.  A. 

185.  Ashtabula.  A. 

310.  Belpre.  A. 
•  485.  Brooklyn  ^ 

323.  Bryan.  A 
302.   Cincinnati,  A. 


561.  Cincinnati,  B. 

21  Olii<>  (if 
147.  Cleveland.  A. 

768  #;>/•/>,. v* 

589.  Cleveland,  B. 

501  FranJMn 
307.   Columbus.  A. 

135  P,-irl-*1. 
361.   Columbus.  B. 
196.  Dayton,  A. 
463.  Dayton,  B. 

233   C'VIHII'H  I'i'i 

553.  Defiance,  A. 

Lock  ///>./•  234. 
128.  Eaton.  A. 

566.  Elmore.  A. 
Ji".r  100. 


F.  Kendall. 
90     A.  J.  Marvin. 

E.     Mi><  Josie  Granni>. 

E.  G.  Rice. 
s     Cha-.  G.  Smith. 
24     Mi»  Abbie  L.  Dyer. 
6    E.  H.  Faurer. 
.las.  H.  Jones. 
9-2    Emmet  Slouirh. 

Emmett  B.  Fisher. 
4-1     G.  E.  Reusmaii. 
E      W.  E.  Loy. 
11    Fred.  W.Jaeger. 
G.  H.  Rvmer>. 


Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters. 


103 


No.  of       Name  and 
Chap.         Address. 

631.  Fremont,  A. 
Box  327. 

No.  of 
Mem. 

10-3 
Or.  M. 

Pres.  and  Sec. 

D.  S.  Gessner. 
V.  D.  Butman. 

371. 

Granville,  A. 

6 

Miss  Ida  M.  Saunders. 

445. 

Hamilton.  A. 
Box  198. 

10 

Rev.  E.  W.  Abbey. 
E.  M.  Traber. 

154. 
537. 

Jefferson.  A. 
A*htabnla  Co. 
Mansfield,  A. 

78    W.    Blnnn)   .v/, 

11 
E. 

Miss  Clara  L.  Northway. 
D.  J.  W.  Craig. 
E.  Wilkinson,  Jr. 

655. 

New  Lynne.  A. 

7 

G.  O.  Beede. 
W.  H.  Cook. 

650. 

Sanduskv,  A. 
418  FfankKn  *i 

7-3 

Fred  Marshall. 
John  Youngs. 

160. 

Toledo.  A. 
409  Ontario  »f. 

12 
G.  Z.  B. 

Clarence  C.   McKecknie. 
Miss  Katherine  Scott. 

360. 

Urbana,  A. 

Lock  Ijn.v  857. 

9-2 

Jno.  C.  Moses. 
Wm.  V.  Moses. 

581. 

Urbana.  B. 
Drawer  3. 

7-2 

Murray  Allison. 
Samuel  Stone. 

612, 

Urbana.  C. 

13 

E.  M.  S.  Houston. 

129. 

Zanesville,  A. 

6 

Miss  Lulu  Lillibridge. 

OREGON 

340. 

Portland.  B. 
395  4tf/  .s-/. 

15-3 

B. 

Miss  Lixxie  Ley. 
H.  W.  Cardwell. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

277. 

Altoona.  A. 
(P/vrf.)  Hn.r  384. 

10-5 

Geo.  Piper. 
W.  C.  Boult. 

378. 

Ambler,  A. 

48-2 
M. 

W.  Warren  Funk. 
Miss  Jessie  P.  Smith. 

455. 

Bedford.  A. 

1 

W.  C.  Langdmi,  Jr. 

11. 

Berwyu.  A. 

Cli-xter  Co. 

7-1 

J.  F.  Glosser. 
Miss  Carrie  H.  Glosser. 

246. 

Bethlehem.  A. 

14-2 

Harry  L.  Walters. 

•  7(X;.     Or.  E.  B.  M.     Harry  Wilbur. 


104 


Hand-book. 


No.  of       Name  and 

Xo.  of 

Chap.          Address. 

Mem. 

l'i'r>.  and  Sec. 

599.  Bethlehem.  B. 

4-1 

Herman  S.  Borhek. 

Kn.t-  401.     Or.  M 

.  B.  C. 

Eric  Doolittle. 

300.  Brvn  Mawr,  A. 

12 

*  Rnwnmnt. 

Or.  B. 

Miss  Mary  R.  Garrett. 

289.   Cambria  Station,  A. 

6-4 

Mrs.  S.  L.  Oberholt/cr. 

Or.  C. 

Ellis  P.  Oberholtzer. 

2oo.   Chester,  A. 

•~> 

Frank  R.  Gilbert. 

136.  Columbia,  A. 

23 

Ewin-r  Mittiin. 

Alex.  R.  Craig. 

190.  Duncan  non,  A. 

12 

Miss  Annie  J.  Jackson. 

279.  Eastou.  A. 

4-1 

W.  Fred  Keller. 

131%  Ferry  at. 

G.  B. 

Augustus  A.  Tyler. 

3.  Frankford,  A. 

76 

John  Shallcross. 

4701  Laperst.  (Phila.) 

E.  M. 

Robert  T.  Taylor. 

326.  Freeland.  A. 

11 

Sam).  C'askey. 

200.   Germantowu,  B. 

2:5-19 

Joseph  Head. 

133  Prirr  *f. 

G.  Z. 

Franklin  Baclie. 

")S2.  Germantown,  C. 

3-1 

Miss  Zuell  Preston. 

127  W.  Penn.  at.  A. 

Phys. 

Mis.  Ada  M.  Wheeler. 

489.  Gettysburg.  A. 

2-1 

H.  A.  Stewart.  M.  Z.  E. 

482.   Buckingham,  A. 

18 

J.  Willis  Atkinson. 

Holieonff. 

Miss  Elizabeth  Lloyd. 

472.  Hazletou,  A. 

4-2 

J.  Edward  Waaser. 

L"Zi  rut    <'». 

G.  E. 

Thos.  F.  McXair. 

314.  Lancaster,  A. 

5-a 

Theo.  B.  Appel. 

322  TK  James  st. 

E.Ch. 

Edw.  R.  Heitshu. 

397.  Mansfield  Valley,  A, 

.      3-1 

J.  L.  Prestley,  G. 

434.  Meadville,  A. 

9-3 

Miss  Harriet  Reitze. 

Box  39. 

B.E. 

Miss  Laurena  Streit. 

.->6s    Meadville,  B. 

8 

C.  F.  Weber. 

Star  29.            Or. 

M.  E. 

Frank  L.  Armstrong. 

260.  Mercer.  A. 

4 

Mrx.  H.  M.  Magoffin. 

240.  New  Mil  ford.  A. 

1 

W.  D.  Ainey. 

169.  Norristown,  A. 

40-3 

A.  D.  Eisenhower. 

E. 

B.  M. 

Wm.  White. 

Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters. 


105 


No.  of       Name  and                     No.  of 
Mem.         Address.                      Mem. 

Pres.  and  Sec. 

36.  Philadelphia,  B. 

8-1 

Ed.  R.  Graham. 

1015  Vine  st, 

H.  Taylor  Rogers. 

36.  Philadelphia,  C. 

7 

1926  N.  llt/i  st. 

Miss  Eleanor  J.  Crew. 

58.  Philadelphia,  D. 

6-1 

Milton  J.  Rosenau. 

1314  FrnnkUn  st. 

E. 

Joseph  McFarland. 

140.  Philadelphia,  E. 

5103  Germantown  a 

V. 

Elliston  J.  Perot. 

126.  Philadelphia,  F. 

1 

2014  Ridge  av. 

M. 

Raymond  P.  Kaign. 

197.  Philadelphia,  G. 

5 

Floitlioir/t. 

B.  Sliser. 

198.  Philadelphia,  H 

6 

2016  Arch  st. 

W.  R.  Nichols. 

242.  Philadelphia,  I. 

4 

Albert  Hill. 

1127  J//.  Vu'non  sf.    M.B. 

J.  Frank  Stevens. 

353.  Philadelphia,  K. 

8-3 

Henry  Kiersted. 

VV&  Park  0,9. 

Wm.  Yerker. 

385.  Philadelphia,  L. 

8 

1723  N.  22d  &t. 

C.  R.  Woodruff. 

394.  Philadelphia,  M. 

4 

1823  Vine  st. 

Isaac  Ford. 

459.  Philadelphia,  N. 

4 

1520  Wilmington  st. 

Harry  Colby. 

501.  Philadelphia,  O. 

625  N.  I5t?i  st. 

Mrs.  E.  P.  McCormick. 

539.  Philadelphia,  West,  P. 

23 

Robt.  R,  Truitt. 

3406  Hamilton  st. 

Chas.  M.  List. 

554.  Philadelphia.  Q. 

9 

C.  D.  Harris. 

2229  Ml.  Vernon  st. 

J.  Edgar  McKee. 

556.  Philadelphia,  R. 

6-2 

Edw.  J.  Wheelock. 

2206  Green  st. 

Paul  T.  Brown. 

557.  Philadelphia,  S. 

7 

Wm.  Walter. 

1704  Pine  st.           E 

.  z. 

Miss  Bessie  P.  Pearsall. 

619.  Philadelphia,  T. 

5-1 

Jas.  A.  Brown. 

520  N.  21st  st. 

B. 

Jas.  McMichael. 

io6 


Hand-book. 


No.  of       Name  and  No.  of 

Chap.        Address.  Mem. 

644.  Philadelphia,  U.  4 

470  N.  1th  #. 

27.  Pittsburgh,  A.  2 

5th  ar.,  Wait  End.  E.  Phys. 

273.  Pittsburgh,  B.  :',<) 

2Qt?<  and  .?/>//<///  */*. 
278.  Pittsburgh,  East.  C.          4 
298.  Pittsburgh,  D.  10 

23d  arid  Liberty  */*. 
498.  Pittsburgh,  E.  3-1 

23d  d  Liberty.     M.  G. 
258.  Reading,  A.  25-17 

Bawthmrne. 
266.  St.  Clair.  A.  30-54 

532.  Sewickley.  A.  14-2 

Box  41. 

206.   State  College.  A.  5-1 

E.  3.  O. 

591.  Tioga,  A.  17 

Box  255.  B.  M. 

141.  Titusville,  A.  5 

B.  O. 

199.  Wellsboro,  A.  11 

231.  Wiconisco,  A.  6 

RHODE    ISL 

188.  Newport,  A.  4 

15  Purl;  xt. 
362.  Newport,  B. 


Pres.  and  See. 


4 
15  AyrfHilttt.  Or. 

(515.  Newport,  C.  6 

15  Park  st.  E. 

653.  Providence.  C.  >  4-4 
65  Mr.  .<  E.  O.  M.  G. 

182.  Warren.  A.  5-2 


Mrs.  E.  M.  Ickes. 
Martin  Knabe,  Jr. 
Mrs.  Rachel  H.  Mellon. 
Miss  Mary  McM.  Jones. 

F.  K.  Gearing. 
J.  F.  McCune. 

E.  H.  Henderson. 
Chas.  A.  Creesran. 
Wm.  H.  Searight. 
W.  E.  Howe. 

Miss  Helen  B.  Baer. 
James  Carter. 
Miss  Mary  Burwell. 
Miss  Eva"T.  Miller. 
Marshall  A.  Christy. 
J.  Price  Jackson. 
Geo.  C.  McKee. 
Miss  Winnie  Smith. 
Herbert  Kequa. 

F.  S.  Bates. 
Chas.  G.  Carter. 
Mi»  Mary  Rockwell. 
Miss  Margaret  S.  Potter. 
J.  R.  Englebert. 

AND. 

Fred.  J.  Cotton. 
Clark  Burdick. 
Frank  Holt. 
Thos.  Crosby.  Jr. 
Jos.  R.  P.  Weaver. 
Jos.  P.  Cotton. 
W.  A.  Dyer. 
F.  S.  Phillips. 
N.  R.  Hall. 
Miss  Marv  Merchant. 


Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters. 


No.  of       Name  and  No.  of  p..^   aru1 

Chap.        Addrtss.  Mem. 

TENNESSEE. 

55.  Nashville.  A.  20 

117  Monroe  st.  R.  I.  Tucker. 


433.  Dallas,  A.  6  D.  G.  Hinckley. 

406.  Fort  Elliot,  A.  5 

Care  C'apf.  Hood.  Thos.  S.  Hood. 

600.  Galveston,  A.  5-3  Miss  Anna  L.  Tucker.  - 

Av.  Pand  36M  st.    C.  B.  E.  Philip  C.  Tucker,  Jr. 

32.  San  Antonio,  A.  7-2  Miss  P.  G.  Stevenson. 

225  Mdrtin  *t.  E.  Miss  P.  G.  Stevenson. 

205.  Waco,  A.  30 

'Box  454.  Miss  Mary  J.  Wright. 

UTAH   TERRITORY. 

339.  Salt  Lake  City,  A.          6-1  Walter  H.  Nichols. 

Or.  O.  B.  E.  G.  Fred.  E.  Leonard. 

487.  Salt  Lake  City,  B.  9  Wm.  W.  Brown. 

495.  Salt  Lake  City,  C.          8-2  Fred.  A.  Stevens. 

B.  G.  E.  Arthur  Webb. 

VERMONT. 

343.  Brandon,  A.  28  H.  F.  Copeland. 

452.  Burlington,  A.  4 

253  S.  Unfo/>  xf.  Harry  B.  Shaw. 

359.  Castleton,  A.  16  Miss  Fannie  C.  Taylor. 

236.  Factory  Point,  A.  4  Chas.  L.  Bench. 

Jesse  D.  Nichols. 

508.  Middlebury,  B.  4  Miss  May  H.  Bolton. 

494.  Northtield,  A.  10-4  J.  M.  Hitt. 

B.  E.  Or.  Miss  Clara  E.  Harwood. 

486.  Rutland.  A.  15  S.  W.  Merril,  Z. 

536.  St.  Jolmslmry.  B.          11-1  Ozorah  S.  Davis. 

B».r  861.  G.  Thornton  B.  Penfield. 

613.  Winooski,  A.  4-1  F.  S.  Paddock. 

G.  M.  S.  G.  Ayres. 


io8 


Hand-book. 


No.  of        Name  and 
Chap.         Address. 


Xo.  of 
Mem. 


VIRGINIA. 


•i2S.   Ilarrisonlmrg.  A.  10  Mrs.  F.   A.   DaiuirerrieM. 

/>/./•  66.    "  G.  B.  Miss  M.  M.  Davis. 

248.   Richmond,  A.  5 

302  W.  Grntce  st.  Mrs.  James  13.   Marshall. 

449.  Richmond,  B.  4 

707  E.  Frank  ft.  W.  O.  English. 


ooo.  Olympia,  A. 

"  TJi'ii-xl'Hi  Co 
303.  Vancouver.  A. 


X    TERRITORY. 

IS    Wiiilock  Miller. 

Robt.  L.  Blankenship. 
4    Miss  Julia  De  X.  Beeson. 
Lawson  Nicholson. 


404.  Bamboo,  A. 

35.  Cedar  Creek.  A. 
42.  Columbus,  A. 
134.  DePere,  A. 

148.  DePere,  B. 

-> 

220.  DePere,  C. 

221.  DePere,  D. 
646.  Jnnesville.  A. 

B;.r  1644. 
18.  Kenosha,  A. 

322.  Madison,  A. 

228  Limgdon  st. 
524.  Milwaukee,  A. 

MPratpecta*. 

344.  Monroe.  A. 


13     Xoble  Thompson. 
E.     Miss  Marie  McKennan. 
8    Dow  Maxon. 
8    Miss  F.  T.  Griswold. 
18-8     Geo.  T.  Marston. 

Miss  Annie  S.  Gilbert. 
23-7     Miss  J.  White. 
.  B.  Z.     Miss  Lilian  Childs. 

16    Miss  Jessie  R.  Jackson. 
7     Miss  Carrie  Dubois. 
7     A.  L.  Prichard. 

Miss  Abbie  E.   Prichard. 
6     Mrs.  M.  A.  Baker. 
M.  E.     Myron  E.  Baker. 
14-4    Miss  Georgie  Sheldon. 

Andrews  Allen. 
9-4     Philip  S.  Abbot, 

Arthur  E.  Campbell. 
23-1    J.  J.  Schindler. 
G.     C.  M.  Craven. 


Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters. 


No.  of       Name  and                     No.  of 
Mem.         Address.                     Mem. 

350.  Neillsvillc.  A.                    4 
E.  G. 
253.  Poynette,  A.                       2 
B. 
416.   Racine,  A.                       6-1 
926  Main  st.    Or.  B.  E. 
610.  Racine,  B.                           5 
Ratine  CoUege.   Or.  E.  G.  A. 
97.  St.  Croix,  A.                      8 
469.  West  DePere,  A.          15-4 

470.   West  DePere,  B.              25 

Pres.  and  Sec. 

C.  B.  Bradshaw. 
M.  F.  Bradshaw. 

Hairy  Russell. 
Geo.  L.  Ains  worth. 
J.  L.  McCalman. 
Samuel  G.  Welles. 
Chas.  S.  Lewes. 
Ray  S.  Baker. 
A.  R.  DeLaney. 
Miss  Margaret  Ramsay. 
Miss  Sara  Ritchie. 

Hand-book. 
FOREIGN  CHAPTERS. 


No.  of        Name  and  No.  of 

Chap.        Address.  Mem. 


(327.  Brighton,  A.  10-2  Miss  Rose  Kemp. 

Ontario.  E.  O.  Miss  Lizzie  Squier. 

602.  Guelph,  A.  15-7  Miss  Alice  31.  Petrie. 

Ontario,  box  213.  Miss  Daisy  M.  Dill. 

395.  Montreal,  A.  52-8  J.  J.  Procter. 

34  St.  Peter  rf.  E.  W.  D.  Shaw. 

451.  Sydney  Mines,  A.  4 

Cape  Breton  Island.   />«"7>  Miss  I.  B.  Hanington. 

Hill.  E.  B.  M.  S.  Brown. 

CHILI. 

441.  Valparaiso,  A.  7  W.  Sabina,  care  Rev.  A. 

Camilla,  904.  M.  Merwin. 

ENGLAND. 

2-22.  London,  A.                      1-7  Lister  Hayter. 
Highqate,     Glertggle,    Wood- 
lane.               E.  M.  Or.  G.  S.  Hayter. 
305.  London,  B.                         8 

10  St.  MidiaeVs,  Wood  Green.  Miss  Leila  A.  Mawer. 
534.  London,  C.                         5 

52  Tacistock  *'/.  Montague  Gunning. 
611.  London,  D.                         4 

19  Queen's  Gardens,  W.  R.  T.  Walker,  E. 

23.  Stroud,  A.  26-8  Mrs.  Coley. 

Cattle  Bank.          B.  E.  Miss  Gertrude  C.  Ruegg. 

SCOTLAND. 

475.  Dundee,  A.  12-1  Miss  Henderson. 

Tat/side  House.     B.  Or.  Miss  Keiller. 

549.  Linlithgow,  A.  4  Wm.  Wardrop,  B.  S. 

Gowan  Cottage.    B.  E.  G.  Ost. 


Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters. 

No.  of       Name  and  No  of 

Chap.        Address.  Mem.  Pres-  and  Sec- 


112  Hand-book. 

No.  of       Name  and  No.  of 

Mem.        Address.  Mem. 


Alphabetical  List  of  Chapters.  n  3 


M°emf 


H4  Hand-Book. 


Name  and  ,     No.  of 

Address.  >r«ni. 


Conclusion.  nj 

CHAPTER  XVIII. 

CONCLUSION. 

What,  after  all,  is  our  purpose  in  studying  Nature  ? 
Is  it  to  get  for  ourselves  collections  of  rare  and 
beautiful  objects  ?  Is  it  to  amuse  us  during  our 
leisure  hours  ?  Is  it  to  train  our  powers  of  observa- 
tion and  strengthen  our  minds  by  careful  discipline  ? 
Is  it  to  satisfy  our  natural  thirst  for  knowledge,  and 
to  become  familiar  with  all  the  little  strangers  of 
the  roadside  and  the  wood  ?  It  is  all  this,  but  it 
should  be  much  more.  We  ought  to  be  learning 
the  grand  and  solemn  lesson  that  a  Divine  mind  is 
showing  its  wisdom  in  every  leaf  and  pebble,  and 
that  a  Divine  heart  is  expressing  its  love  in  every 
rain-drop  and  in  every  flower.  This  was  the  truth 
that  filled  the  heart  of  him  for  whom  our  Associa- 
tion is  named — this  was  the  secret  of  his  untiring 
zeal,  and  the  key  to  his  deep  love  of  Nature.  It 
has  grown  to  be  a  pleasant  custom  for  our  chapters 
to  celebrate  Prof.  Agassiz's  birthday  (May  28),  by 
means  of  an  excursion  or  picnic,  combined  with 
appropriate  literary  exercises  ;  and  perhaps  on  such 
an  occasion  nothing  will  more  truly  bring  home  to 
us  the  sweet  spirit  of  the  great  Naturalist  than 
Whittier's  poem,  "The  Prayer  of  Agassiz ;"  or 
Longfellow's  lines  on  his  fiftieth  birthday,  which, 
by  the  courtesy  of  his  publishers,  we  are  able  to 
reproduce. 


Ii6  Hand-Book. 

THE    FIFTIETH    IUKT1II>AY    OF    AGASS1Z. 
MAY  ay,  Lsor. 

It  was  fifty  yea  is  ago 

In  the  pleasant  month  of  .May, 

In  the  beautiful  Pays  tie  Valid, 
A  child  in  its  cradle  lay. 

And  Nature,  the  old  nurse,  took 

The  child  upon  her  knee, 
Saying:  "  Here  is  a  story  book 

Thy  Father  has  written  for  tliee." 

"  Come,  wander  with  me,"  she  said, 

' '  Into  regions  yet  untrod ; 

And  read  what  is  still  unread 

In  the  manuscripts  of  God. 

And  he  wandered  away  and  away 
With  Nature,  the  dear  old  nurse, 

Who  sang  to  him  night  and  day 
The  rhymes  of  the  universe. 

And  whenever  the  way  seemed  long, 

Or  his  heart  began  to  fail, 
She  would  sing  a  more  wonderful  song, 

Or  tell  a  more  marvellous  tale. 

So  she  keeps  him  still  a  child. 

And  will  not  let  him  go, 
Though  at  times  his  heart  beats  wild 

For  the  beautiful  Pays  de  Vaud ; 

Though  at  times  he  hears  in  his  dreams 

The  Ranz  des  Vaches  of  old, 
And  the  rush  of  mountain  streams 

From  glaciers  clear  and  cold ; 


And  the  mother  at  home  says,  "  Hi 
For  his  voice  I  listen  and  yearn ; 

It  is  growing  late  and  dark, 
And  my  boy  does  not  return." 


Hark! 


Requests  for  further  information  may  be  addressed 
to  the  President  of  the  Association, 

• 
MK.   HARI.AN   H.   HAM.AKD, 

Principal  of  Lenox  Aeadem\\ 

Lenox,  Her ks/urc  Co.,  Mass. 


INDEX. 


Abbot,  .Jacob.              .                          .  '-'I 

Agassiz  Association,  Advantage*  <>f. 

F"  under,     ....  3 

Membership,      ...  G 

Plou,  ....  7 

Scfwo!  ^K-I'I  ti<  .v.              .  (j  &  55 

Site-cud  Gltussex,       .            .  .7 

Airassiz,  Prof.  Louis.  ///*  HW.-.       ...  5 

ffis  knowledge  of  Fisha,  .  .      '21 

'                               .  11 


Audubon,         ...... 

Bsulge  of  A.  A.,     ...  .51 

Birds,  //o/r  to  Collect, 

Books,  Notes  on,  ...  .71 

2V^  ne>rx*"ryf"r  NaturftUttLi, 
Reco'in  mciiilcij.    ...  .00 

Botanical  box,         .  .  -(( 

By-laws.  .... 

Cabinet,       . 

California  chapters, 

Canada  chapters,    . 

Chapters,  oorretpondenoe  between, 

Family,          .....  53 

How  Mined  ......        9 

How  to  organize,     ....  12 

Liatof,     '    ......      31 

Number  of,      .         .  .  .  .      «  &  « 

Reportoof,  ....     15.  ','5  A:  5J) 

Chili  chapter,  110 

City,  work  in  a,  .46 

Clarke,  Louisa  Lane,  .  31 

Classification  vfanumii.*,  •       17 

of  mineral*,      .... 
of  regetftbley,           .  .  .18 

Colorado  chapters. 

Conclusion, 

Connecticut  chapter-. 

Constitution  of  A.  A., 


Index.  ii 

PAGE. 

Correspondence,  conditions  of,  65 

Ouvier,         .                     .            .            .            .  .1? 

Dana,  Prof.,                ....  18 

Dakota  Territory  chapters, 

Delaware  chapters,          .       .            .            .            .  84 

District  of  Columbia  chapters, 

Drying  paper,       ... 

Edward,  Thomas.            .            .            .            .  .20 

Eggs,  lloir  to  mail  simplex,    ....  49 

England,  chapters  of.      .            .            .            .  .110 

Exchanging,  .... 

Expenses,  .  .....       16 

Florida  chapters,      .              ....  84 

Gray,  Prof.  Asa.              .            .            .            .  18  &  26 

Herbarium.                ...            .            .            .  28 

History  of  A.  A.,             .            .            .            .  .3 

Illinois  chapters, 

Indiana  chapters,             .            .             .            .  .86 

Individual  members,              ....  16 

Insects,  cabinets  for,        .            .            .            .  .87 

Cotte-ctiiiff  cam  for,     ....  36 

How  to  collect,  ....       34 

Methods  of  observation,          ...  38 

Iowa  chapters,            .       .          .            .  .87 

Jones,  Dr.  Marcus  E. ,            .            .            .            .  7 

Kansas  chapters,         ...            .            .  .88 

Kentucky  chapters, 

Lenox,  Mass.,              ...            .            .  .3 

Libraries  and  reading  rooms  of  chapters.     .  58 

Magazines  and  papers,      .           .            .            .  .74 

Maine  chapters, 

Maryland  chapters,     .       .           .            .            .  .       89 

Massachusetts  chapters.          ....  89 

Members,  names  of,     .                               .             .  .       50 

Reports  from .....  52 

Michigan  chapters,             .                       .            .  .93 

Minerals,  How  to  collect  and  arranye.                    9     .  44 

Minnesota  chapters,           ...  .94 

Mississippi  chapters.               ....  94 

Missouri  chapters,       ...  .84 

Morse,  E.  S.,                           .            .            .            .  37 

New  Hampshire  chapters.  ....      95 

New  Jersey  chn piers.              ....  95 


PAUE. 

N<sw  Mexico  chapter,        .          .  .     101 

New  York  chapteis.  {)? 

Nevada  chapters,,  .     1<>2 

North  Carol ina  chapters,       .  102 

Notes,  ....  ,58 

Official  organ  of  A.  A.,         ....     M  &  77 

Ohio  chapters.          ......     102 

Order,  Rule*  of,  .          .  .  .  r.\ 

Oregon  chapters,     .          .          .  .  .  .10:5* 

Packard,  Prof.  Asa,  ....  :'•* 

Parker,  Prof.  G.  Howard,          ....       3S 

Parliamentary  law,  .     .  .  .  .  13 

Pennsylvania  chapters.  .  .  .  .     108 

Plan  of  work.  ...  .  .  .  17 

Plants.  ll,,,r  tn  ,;,ll«i.  ....       20 

President  nf  A.  A..  .     .  .  .          :•',.  IT,  &  114 

Presidents  of  chapters,  .  .  .         15  A:  17 

Publishers'  addresses,        .     .  .  .  .  70 

Red  Cross  Class.       .  .        .  .  .  .7 

Reports  from  chapters  and  members.  .  .  52 

Rhode  Island  chapters.        .  .  .  .100 

S/.  AY--//'//,/*.         .  .     .         3,  8,  9.  15,  20.  40.  50  ,V  77 

St.  Pierre.       .  ...  .  .  .21 

Scientist.  .  .     .  .  .  .  00 

Si-.- (weed.  //"//•  t<>  <'oll«i,       .        .  .  .  .81 

Secretaries  of  chapters.        .  .  .  .  15 

.Specialists.    Jf/f//r.xwx    nf,  ....        fi?> 

Specimens,  Ih.r  i,,  collect,  ....  2«» 

Supplies.  H7///v  tnttrt.                                        .            .  78 

Switxerland,             .  ....  3 

Taxidermy,       .               .               ....  41 

Tennessee  chapters,  ....  107 

T--xa<  clia)>tcr-.  ....      in? 

Vermont  chapters,  .             .             .             .           10? 

Virginia  chapters,          .  ....     108 

t'tah  Territory  chapters.  .             .             .             .           in? 

Warren.  Dr.  Tims.  E..  .             .             .'.*.'      7 

Washington  Territory  chapters.        .  .                        108 

White.  Gilbert.               .  .....             .21 

Winter.    \V1uil  /"  tl»  ///,     .  .             .             .             4<I 

Wi<con>in  ehaptei-x.           -;  .                                                      ^QS 

Wood.    Ilmr  tn   ;>/•< /><!/•<    */>«•/', ,<fnJ<  of,  3() 

Winter.    \\',,rt. •/"/',  .         .    '  in 


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